CONTENTS
1. Introduction: Textile finishing 1
1.1 Introduction: Textile finishing definition and historical overview 1
1.2 Textile finishing classification 3
1.3 Conclusion 15
References 15
2. Nanofinishing: Fundamental principles 19
2.1 Introduction 19
2.2 Nanofinishing classification 20
2.3 Conclusion and future remarks 32
References 32
3. Nanoscouring 35
3.1 Introduction 35
3.2 Progress in scouring: A short historical overview 36
3.3 Nanoscouring 42
3.4 Conclusion 48
References 49
Sources of further information 50
4. Nanobleaching 51
4.1 Introduction 51
4.2 Progress in bleaching: A short historical overview 51
4.3 Nanophotobleaching 59
4.4 Conclusion 62
References 63
Further reading 64
5. Nanosurface activation 65
5.1 Introduction 65
5.2 Surface activation methods 66
5.3 Nanosurface activation 76
5.4 Conclusion 79
References 79
6. Nanosoftening 83
6.1 Introduction: Definition and mechanism of softening 83
6.2 Softening agent classification 85
6.3 Nanosoftening 89
6.4 Conclusion 92
References 92
7. Nanocoating and lamination 95
7.1 Introduction: Definition and general concepts 95
7.2 Coating methods 96
7.3 Lamination methods 99
7.4 Nanocoating 99
7.5 Smart nanocoatings 105
7.6 Conclusion 106
References 106
Further reading 107
8. Nanocrosslinking 109
8.1 Introduction: General definition and history of cellulose crosslinking 109
8.2 Crosslinking as stabilization agent 111
8.3 Nanocrosslinking 113
8.4 Conclusion 122
References 124
9. Nanofinishes for self-cleaning textiles 127
9.1 Introduction: Definition and historical overview 127
9.2 Surface wettability 129
9.3 Nanofinishes for self-cleaning textiles 130
9.4 Conclusion 140
References 141
Further reading 143
10. Antimicrobial textile nanofinishes 145
10.1 Introduction 145
10.2 Common textile bacteria and fungus 146
10.3 Antimicrobial mechanism 147
10.4 Common textile antimicrobial agents 148
10.5 Toxicity and health issues 156
10.6 Evaluation of antimicrobial activities 157
10.7 Conclusion 158
References 159
Further reading 161
11. Flame-retardant textile nanofinishes 163
11.1 Introduction 163
11.2 General classification and mechanism 163
11.3 Nanoclay 170
11.4 Carbon nanotube 171
11.5 Nano-organic-inorganic hybrid 172
11.6 SiO2 173
11.7 Metal (oxide/hydroxide) nanoparticles 174
11.8 Nanocoatings based on LBL technique 175
11.9 Flame-retardant evaluation methods 177
11.10 Conclusion 177
References 178
Further reading 181
12. Water-repellent textile nanofinishes 183
12.1 Introduction: Definition and historical overview 183
12.2 Water-repellent nanofinishes 187
12.3 Self-healing properties 191
12.4 Evaluation test methods 193
12.5 Conclusion 193
References 194
Further reading 195
13. Waterproof nanofinishes for textiles 197
13.1 Introduction: Definition and historical approaches 197
13.2 New approaches and materials 198
13.3 Conclusion 201
References 202
14. Antifouling and soil-repellent nanofinishes 203
14.1 Introduction 203
14.2 Chemical methods 204
14.3 Physical methods 207
14.4 Biofinishing 207
14.5 Nanofinishing 207
14.6 New antifouling/soil-release approaches 208
14.7 Conclusion 209
References 209
Further reading 210
15. Sensing nanofinishes for textiles 211
15.1 Introduction 211
15.2 Physical stimulus 212
15.3 Chemical stimulus 216
15.4 Conclusion 221
References 222
16. Magnetic nanofinishes for textiles 225
16.1 Introduction: General definitions and applications 225
16.2 Different types of magnetic materials 226
16.3 Nanofinishes for magnetic textiles 229
16.4 Evaluation test methods 237
16.5 Conclusion and future remarks 238
References 238
17. Conductive nanofinishes for textiles 241
17.1 Introduction 241
17.2 Conductive nanofibers and nanocomposites 242
17.3 Nanometal coatings 243
17.4 Screen and ink-jet printing 244
17.5 Carbon nanofibers 246
17.6 Carbon nanotubes 248
17.7 Graphene 250
17.8 Intrinsically conducting polymers 251
17.9 Electrotextiles for energy storage and conversion 253
17.10 Conclusion 258
References 259
Further reading 263
18. Nanofinishes for protective textiles 265
18.1 Introduction 265
18.2 Insect protection nanofinishes 266
18.3 UV protection finishes 271
18.4 Electromagnetic interference shielding 278
18.5 Chemical warfare agent protective finishes 285
18.6 Conclusion 288
References 288
Further reading 294
19. Nanoencapsulation techniques for textile finishing 295
19.1 Introduction 295
19.2 Definition, classification, and release mechanism 295
19.3 Encapsulation techniques 297
19.4 Application methods to textile substrates 297
19.5 Fragrance textiles 300
19.6 Medical textiles 304
19.7 Thermoregulated textiles 305
19.8 Encapsulation of dyes 306
19.9 Conclusion 306
References 307
Further reading 310
20. Health, safety, and environmental aspects of textile nanofinishing 311
20.1 Introduction 311
20.2 Environmental concerns 315
20.3 Human health concerns 315
20.4 Conclusion 316
References 317
Sources of further information 318
Further reading 318
21. Future trends in textile nanofinishing 319
21.1 Textile nanofinishing in future 319
21.2 Conclusion 323
References 324
Index 327