Contents
Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles ix
Acknowledgements xvii
Preface xix
1 Introduction to shape memory polymers 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Defining shape memory polymers 1
1.3 Types of shape memory polymers 4
1.4 A typical shape memory polymer: shape memory polyurethanes (SMPUs) 11
1.5 Conclusions 13
1.6 References 14
2 T m -type shape memory polymers 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Structure and properties of T m -type shape memory polymers 24
2.3 Shape memory properties of T m -type shape memory polymers 32
2.4 Thermo- mechanical conditions affecting T m -type shape memory properties 37
2.5 References 44
3 T g- type shape memory polymers 47
3.1 Introduction 47
3.2 Structure and properties of T g -type shape memory polymers 48
3.3 Segmented polyurethanes with similar T g 62
3.4 Thermo- mechanical conditions affecting T g -type shape memory polymers 63
3.5 Conclusions 68
3.6 References 69
4 High performance type shape memory polymers prepared by modifi ed two- step polymerization 71
4.1 Introduction 71
4.2 High performance shape memory polymers 72
4.3 High performance isophorone diisocyanate (IDPI)
T m -type shape memory polymers 83
4.4 High performance T g -type shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) prepared by modified two- step polymerization 93
4.5 Conclusions 106
4.6 References 108
5 Supramolecular shape memory polymers 111
5.1 Introduction 111
5.2 Synthesis of polymers containing pyridine moieties 114
5.3 Supramolecular polymers containing functional pyridine 117
5.4 Supramolecular liquid crystalline polymers containing pyridine moieties 118
5.5 Supramolecular polymers and shape memory polymers 120
5.6 Conclusions 124
5.7 References 124
6 Supramolecular shape memory polymers containing pyridine 128
6.1 Introduction 128
6.2 Synthesis of shape memory polyurethanes (SMPUs) containing pyridine moieties 130
6.3 The molecular structure of BINA-based SMPUs (BIN-SMPUs) 134
6.4 Theoretical calculations of BIN-SMPU properties and
performance 134
6.5 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis of BIN-SMPUs 137
6.6 Thermal properties of BIN-SMPUs 143
6.7 Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) studies of BIN-SMPUs 149
6.8 Dynamic mechanical properties of BIN-SMPUs 151
6.9 Molecular model and morphology of BIN-SMPUs 158
6.10 Summary 160
6.11 References 161
7 Thermally- induced properties of supramolecular shape memory polymers containing pyridine 164
7.1 Introduction 164
7.2 Comparison of BINA-based shape memory polyurethane (BIN-SMPU) with other SMPUs 166
7.3 Infl uence of different factors on shape memory effects (SMEs) of BIN-SMPUs 170
7.4 Thermally- induced SME mechanism of BIN-SMPUs 184
7.5 Conclusions 193
7.6 References 194
8 Moisture- induced properties of supramolecular shape memory polymers containing pyridine 196
8.1 Introduction 196
8.2 Moisture absorption of BIN-SMPUs 197
8.3 Effect of moisture absorption on the thermal properties of polyurethane 206
8.4 Effect of moisture absorption on the dynamic mechanical properties of polyurethane 209
8.5 Moisture- induced and water- infl uenced shape memory effects (SMEs) 215
8.6 Effect of immersion time on strain recovery 218
8.7 Mechanism of the moisture- induced shape memory effect in BIN-SMPUs 225
8.8 Summary 228
8.9 References 229
9 Shape memory polymers with novel functions: electro- active, magnetically- active, light- adaptive
and phase change materials 231
9.1 Introduction 231
9.2 Electro- active shape memory polymers 232
9.3 Magnetically- active shape memory polymers 238
9.4 Moisture- active shape memory polymers 239
9.5 Light- adaptive composites from thermally- adaptive shape memory polymers 241
9.6 Introduction to phase change materials 241
9.7 Phase change materials for textiles applications 242
9.8 Solid–liquid phase change materials 243
9.9 Shape memory polymers with phase change properties 244
9.10 Fabrication strategies for phase change materials 246
9.11 Summary 251
9.12 References 252
10 Shape memory finishing treatments for smart textiles 259
10.1 Introduction 259
10.2 Reaction of shape memory polyurethane (SMPU), dimethyloldihydroxylethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and liquid ammonia (LA) as fi nishing agents with cellulosic materials 260
10.3 Shape memory finishing treatments for cotton 261
10.4 Surface morphology of cotton fabrics treated with shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) 263
10.5 Fabric tensile properties and surface appearance 266
10.6 Fabric structure 270
10.7 Effects of shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) on
LA/DMDHEU treated cotton 272
10.8 Internal stresses in cotton fabrics 272
10.9 The role of shape memory polyurethane as a fi nishing agent for cotton fabrics 278
10.10 Summary 278
10.11 References 279
11 Manufacture of T g and T m shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) polymer fi bers 281
11.1 Introduction 281
11.2 T m -type shape memory fi bers prepared by melt spinning 282
11.3 T g -type shape memory fi bers prepared by wet spinning 290
11.4 Summary 316
11.5 References 317
12 Future developments in shape memory polymers 320
12.1 Introduction 320
12.2 T m -shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) with varying T m 321
12.3 T g -SMPUs with thermally reversible chemical cross- links 321
12.4 Two- way shape memory fi bers 322
12.5 Gas- sensitive shape memory BINA-HDI copolymers (PUPys) 322
12.6 Chemically cross- linked PUPys 323
12.7 Multi- stimuli responsive shape memory fibers 323
12.8 PUPys polymer blends with other polymers 324
12.9 Supramolecular liquid crystalline shape memory polymers 325
12.10 Main- chain pyridine- containing SMPUs 326
12.11 Applications 326
12.12 References 332
Index 335