Contents
Contributors ix
Preface xi
Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles xiii
1 Textile-reinforced composite materials 1
S.L. Ogin, P. Potluri
1.1 Composite materials 1
1.2 Textile reinforcement 2
1.3 Woven fabric-reinforced composites 8
1.4 Braided reinforcement 10
1.5 Knitted reinforcement 13
1.6 Stitched fabrics 16
1.7 Three-dimensional woven fabrics 18
1.8 Conclusions 22
References 22
2 Waterproof breathable fabrics 27
A. Mukhopadhyay, V.K. Midha
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Applications of waterproof breathable fabrics 28
2.3 Types of breathable fabrics 29
2.4 Methods of incorporation of membranes and application
of coatings in the layered construction of breathable fabrics 39
2.5 Performance evaluation of waterproof breathable fabrics 42
2.6 Comparative evaluation of different fabrics 49
2.7 Future trends 52
References 52
3 Textiles in filtration 57
T.H. Shah, A. Rawal
3.1 Introduction 57
3.2 Dust collection 59
3.3 Fabric construction 69
3.4 Finishing treatments 73
3.5 Solid–liquid separation 79
3.6 Yarn types and fabric constructions 88
3.7 Fabric constructions and properties 94
3.8 Production equipment 98
3.9 Finishing treatments 99
3.10 Nanofibres in filtration 102
3.11 Fabric test procedures 104
3.12 Filtration market trends 107
References 109
4 Geotextiles in civil engineering 111
A. Rawal, T.H. Shah, S.C. Anand
4.1 Introduction 111
4.2 Functions of geotextiles 112
4.3 Selection of fibres for geotextiles 115
4.4 Manufacturing of geotextiles 118
4.5 Engineering properties of geotextiles 120
4.6 Design and durability of geotextiles 126
4.7 Summary 130
References 130
5 Textiles for healthcare and medical applications 135
S. Rajendran, S.C. Anand, A.J. Rigby
5.1 Introduction 135
5.2 Fibres used 136
5.3 Non-implantable materials 140
5.4 Implantable materials 148
5.5 Healthcare and hygiene products 157
5.6 Conclusions 164
References 164
6 Technical textiles for ballistic protection 169
X. Chen, Y. Zhou
6.1 Introduction 169
6.2 The response of soft materials to ballistic impact 171
6.3 Ballistic fibres 173
6.4 Ballistic fabrics 177
6.5 Experimental evaluation for ballistic materials 184
6.6 Trends and new possibilities 188
References 189
7 Technical textiles for knife and slash resistance 193
K.K. Govarthanam, S.C. Anand, S. Rajendran
7.1 Introduction 193
7.2 Cut and slash resistance 195
7.3 Materials used for slash resistance 204
7.4 Development of cut/slash resistant materials 213
7.5 Future outlook 230
7.6 Conclusions 232
Acknowledgement 232
References 232
8 Technical fibres for heat and flame protection 237
A.R. Horrocks
8.1 Introduction 237
8.2 Principles of textile heat and fire protection 239
8.3 Fundamental scientific principles of textile heat and fire protection 246
8.4 Heat and flame protection of conventional textile fibres 247
8.5 High performance heat and fire resistant organic polymeric fibres and blends 255
8.6 Heat and fire resistant inorganic and ceramic fibres 261
8.7 Heat and flame performance requirements 265
8.8 Summary and future trends 266
Bibliography 267
References 267
9 Technical textiles for personal thermal protection 271
E.M. Crown, J.C. Batcheller
9.1 Introduction 271
9.2 Protection issues: the needs of workers 271
9.3 Protection/comfort trade-offs 274
9.4 Developments in protective textile materials 275
9.5 Serviceability: durability and maintenance 277
9.6 Performance standards and test method development 278
9.7 Issues for future development 281
References 281
10 Technical textiles for survival 287
D.A. Holmes, A.R. Horrocks
10.1 Introduction 287
10.2 Short-term (accident) survival 290
10.3 Long-term survival 295
10.4 Care and cleansing of survival, protective textiles 318
10.5 Conclusions and future directions 318
Bibliography 319
References 320
11 Technical textiles in transport (land, sea, and air) 325
A.R. Horrocks
11.1 Introduction 325
11.2 Technical textiles requiring higher levels of tensile performance: mechanical rubber goods (MRGs) 328
11.3 Technical textiles that increase passive safety 336
11.4 Technical textiles in transport where a level of flame resistance is a mandatory requirement 340
11.5 Future trends 353
Further reading and bibliography 354
References 354
12 Energy harvesting and storage textiles 357
N. Soin, S.C. Anand, T.H. Shah
12.1 Introduction 357
12.2 Role of textile materials for energy harvesting and storage 363
12.3 Development techniques for energy harvesting piezoelectric textiles 366
12.4 Development of energy storage textiles 382
12.5 Outlook and conclusions 392
References 393
13 Rope, cord, twine, and webbing 397
J.W.S. Hearle
13.1 Introduction 397
13.2 The retail market 403
13.3 Marine 404
13.4 Industrial 416
13.5 Military 420
13.6 Exploration, sport, and leisure 421
13.7 Conclusion 422
Acknowledgement 424
References 424
Index 425