Contents
Preface ix
1. Introduction to ring spinning technique 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Significance of ring spinning technique 1
1.3 References 2
2. Basic features of ring spinning machine 3
2.1 Introduction 3
2.2 Basic objectives 3
2.3 Working of ring frame 4
2.4 Skeleton structure of machine 6
2.5 References 8
3. Design features of creel and drafting system variables 9
3.1 Introduction 9
3.2 The creel 9
3.3 The drafting system 14
3.4 References 48
4. Twisting mechanism 49
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 Twist mechanism in ring spinning 49
4.3 Working elements of twisting mechanism 50
4.4 Twist 88
4.5 References 95
5. Balloon theory 97
5.1 Introduction 97
5.2 Vibrating string theory in brief 97
5.3 Application of vibrating string theory to ring spinning 99
balloon
5.4 Basic conditions for stable spinning 101
5.5 Spinning parameters influencing spinning balloon height 101
5.6 References 103
6. Winding mechanism 104
6.1 Introduction 104
6.2 Spindle 104
6.3 Cop winding 114
6.4 References 118
7. Builder mechanism 119
7.1 Introduction 119
7.2 Ring frame bobbin 119
7.3 Structure of cop 120
7.4 Cop building pattern 120
7.5 Builder mechanism 121
7.6 References 142
8. Doffing 143
8.1 Introduction 143
8.2 Doffing 143
8.3 Types of doffing 144
8.4 Basic working elements of auto doffing 145
8.5 Doffing preparation 147
8.6 Doffing cycle 147
8.7 References 149
9. Spinning geometry 150
9.1 Introduction 150
9.2 Spinning geometry 150
9.3 Important factors influencing spinning geometry 151
9.4 References 162
10. Yarn tension theory 163
10.1 Introduction 163
10.2 Yarn tension involved in ring spinning 163
10.3 Need of yarn tension in different zones of ring spinning 164
10.4 Various forces acting on the traveller 165
10.5 Mathematical expression for yarn tension 166
10.6 References 169
11. Parameters influencing yarn tension during spinning 171
11.1 Introduction 171
11.2 Parameters influencing yarn tension during spinning 171
11.3 References 178
12. Means of controlling spinning tension variations 179
12.1 Introduction 179
12.2 Means of controlling spinning tension variations 179
12.3 Yarn tension contributors 180
12.4 Means for controlling balloon height 182
12.5 Means for controlling spindle speed 183
12.6 References 188
13. Optimization of ring spinning parameters 189
13.1 Introduction 189
13.2 Optimization of ring spinning parameters 189
13.3 References 201
14. Material handling 202
14.1 Introduction 202
14.2 Conventional mode 202
14.3 The need for automation 203
14.4 Automatic material handling 204
14.5 References 205
15. Measures of process control 206
15.1 Introduction 206
15.2 Conventional approach 206
15.3 Modern approach 207
15.4 References 210
Index 211
Preface
Several new techniques of spinning have been arrived in the commercial market but yet not able to create big threat to the most versatile ring spinning technique for staple fibers. This is mainly attributed to superior yarn properties, capability of spinning all types of fibers with very wide range of yarn counts 6s Ne to 250s Ne as on today. Continuing efforts have been made by the researchers and manufacturers to improve the quality as well as productivity further to stay a long in a competitive market. Critical analysis of various changes in the engineering design of machine variables and scientific approach taken to optimize process variables is very vital. This has been the main focus while preparing this book.
The authors are in teaching professions for so many years and dealing with the subject ‘Ring Spinning’. They felt deeply that there is a need to have a textbook with a compact source of knowledge on a wider span topic of ring spinning. There are so many excellent books available in this field, but information is scattered. Students need to struggle for getting well-compiled information from one origin. Therefore the authors have thought to prepare a book by keeping textile undergraduate and postgraduate students in mind. The book can inculcate the basic concept of ring spinning and various technological advances step by step. It is expected that the content of this book will be useful to all academic institutes engaged in teaching textiles and professionals working in textile industries.
The book is divided into fifteen chapters. The initial chapters describe the fundamental concept of a ring spinning system and the main machine parts with necessary diagrams. The objective behind is to make ring frame and its functions easily understandable to the reader. The next set of chapters describes precisely sequential operational systems from feed zone to the bobbin buildup. The importance of the machine parts related to technical parameters and the quality of the final product are well incorporated. To understand the ring frame thoroughly, some of the technical parameters need to be studied thoroughly, like balloon theory, spinning geometry, yarn tension theory, parameters influencing the yarn tension and also means for its control etc. They are well incorporated in a proper sequence and the sincere efforts are given to discuss thoroughly and technically.
This book is the fruit of the joint efforts of the authors. We would like to acknowledge them who helped us for supplying the technical and mechanical parameters. We would also like to convey our thanks to all who helped us directly or indirectly.
Dr. T. N. Shaikh
Dr. S. S. Bhattacharya
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