CONTENTS
Contributors ix
Part One: Introduction to Textiles and Their Role in Forensics 1
1. Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics 3
D.J. Carr
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Fibres 4
1.3 Yarns 7
1.4 Fabrics 9
References 13
2. Apparel and Household Textiles and Their Role in Forensics 15
R.R. Van Amber
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Apparel 15
2.3 Household Textiles 20
2.4 Outdoor 21
2.5 Additional Considerations 23
References 25
Further Reading 26
3. Fabrics as Forensic Evidence 27
K. Harrison and S. Ries
3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 Examination of the Volume Crime Scene 28
3.3 Examination of the Major Crime Scene 29
3.4 Systematic Examination 30
3.5 Recovery at the Crime Scene 31
3.6 1:1 and Zonal Taping Techniques 33
3.7 Recovery at the Mortuary 34
3.8 Transferred Fibres 35
3.9 The Recovery of Textile Items 37
References 37
Part Two: Analysing Textile Damage in a Forensic Context 39
4. Forensic Analysis of Textile Degradation and Natural Damage 41
M.J. Smith and K. Thompson
4.1 Introduction 41
4.2 Causes of Degradation—Chemical and Physical 46
4.3 Processing 51
4.4 Laundering 54
4.5 Environmental and Use 55
4.6 Biological Attack 59
4.7 Chemicals 61
4.8 Qualifying and Quantifying Degradation 63
4.9 Conclusions 65
References 66
5. Forensic Analysis of Sharp Weapon Damage to Textile
Products 71
S.E. Kemp
5.1 Introduction 71
5.2 Preimpact Variables 72
5.3 Impact Variables 80
5.4 Postimpact Variables 87
5.5 Examination of Textile Damage 88
5.6 Reconstruction of Textile Damage/Simulation Experiments 92
5.7 Conclusions 93
Acknowledgements 94
References 94
6. Forensic Analysis of Blunt Impact Damage to Textiles 99
F.Y. Daroux
6.1 Introduction 99
6.2 Case Study 103
6.3 Aims of the Research 103
6.4 Method Used 103
6.5 Key Findings 106
6.6 Conclusion 122
References 122
7. Forensic Interpretation of Bloodstains on Fabrics 127
T.C. de Castro
7.1 Introduction 127
7.2 Definitions and Terminology 128
7.3 Other Fluid-Fabric Research 132
7.4 A Quick Guide to Blood and Its Properties 137
7.5 Brief Look at Bloodstain Classification 138
7.6 Blood-Fabric Research 139
7.7 Conclusion 163
Acknowledgements 163
References 163
Further Reading 167
8. Tearing or Ripping of Fabrics 169
T. Dann and C. Malbon
8.1 Introduction 169
8.2 Factors Affecting Rips and Tears 169
8.3 Examination and Analysis of Rips and Tears in Textile Evidence 170
8.4 Simulation of Ripping and Tearing 174
8.5 Published Studies 177
Definitions 179
References 179
9. Ballistic Damage 181
D.J. Carr and A.J. Mabbott
9.1 Introduction to Firearms and Ammunition 181
9.2 Critical Biological Structures and Medical Implications 184
9.3 Injury Statistics 186
9.4 Simulants for Testing 187
9.5 Damage to Apparel Fabrics 188
9.6 Conclusions 195
References 196
Index 201