Contents
Contributor contact details xiii
Part I Introduction 1
1 Textile biomechanical engineering 3
Yi Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China,
Xin Zhang, Xian University of Engineering Science & Technology,
China, and Xiao-qun Dai, Soochow University, China
1.1 Background 3
1.2 History of clothing biomechanical engineering design 5
1.3 Biomechanical engineering design for fashion products 8
1.4 Fundamental frameworks in clothing biomechanical engineering 11
1.5 Clothing biomechanical engineering design system: an example 14
1.6 Outline of this book 15
1.7 Acknowledgement 16
1.8 References 16
Part II Theoretical background 19
2 Fiber mechanics 21
Xiao-qun Dai, Soochow University, China and Yi Li,
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Fiber morphology 21
2.3 Mechanical behavior 24
2.4 Modeling of fiber mechanical properties 30
2.5 Conclusion 33
2.6 Acknowledgement 34
2.7 References 34
3 Yarn mechanics 35
Ka-fai Faith Choi, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
3.1 Introduction 35
3.2 Yarn modeling 35
3.3 Theoretical modeling of a single yarn 43
3.4 Conclusion 47
3.5 References 49
4 Fabric mechanics 52
Xiao-qun Dai, Soochow University, China, Ka-fai Faith Choi
and Yi Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
4.1 Introduction 52
4.2 Woven fabrics 52
4.3 Knitted fabrics 66
4.4 Conclusion 70
4.5 Acknowledgement 70
4.6 References 70
5 Clothing mechanics 75
Xiao-qun Dai, Soochow University, China, and Yi Li,
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
5.1 Introduction 75
5.2 Characteristics of clothing deformation 75
5.3 Clothing modeling 77
5.4 Conclusion 87
5.5 Acknowledgement 88
5.6 References 88
6 The human body 91
Ameersing Luximon, Milanezy (Excel Last) Co Ltd,
Hong Kong, China, and Ming Zhang, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, China
6.1 Introduction 91
6.2 Defi nitions and anatomical landmarks 91
6.3 Skeletal system 95
6.4 Musculoskeletal system 97
6.5 Overview of other systems 98
6.6 Anthropometry 101
6.7 Range of motion 101
6.8 Human skin and temperature regulation 101
6.9 Conclusion 108
6.10 References 108
7 Mechanics of the human skin and underlying soft tissues 111
Jason Tak-man Cheung and Ming Zhang, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, China
7.1 Introduction 111
7.2 Mechanical behavior of human skin 111
7.3 Models of mechanical properties for soft tissues 116
7.4 References 123
8 Contact mechanics in wearing garments 125
Xiao-qun Dai, Soochow University, China, Yi Li, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, China, and Xin Zhang, Xian University
of Engineering Science & Technology, China
8.1 Introduction 125
8.2 Contact problems involved in garments 125
8.3 Contact mechanics 126
8.4 Contact detection 128
8.5 Contact response 138
8.6 Conclusion 144
8.7 Acknowledgement 144
8.8 References 144
9 Clothing comfort and compression therapy 145
Yi Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China,
and Xiao-qun Dai, Soochow University, China
9.1 Clothing comfort 145
9.2 Compression therapy 154
9.3 Conclusion 158
9.4 Acknowledgement 158
9.5 References 158
Part III Material properties 161
10 Fibers 163
Xiao-qun Dai, Soochow University, China
10.1 Textile fibers 163
10.2 Structure parameters and measurement 170
10.3 Fiber mechanical properties 172
10.4 Conclusion 174
10.5 Acknowledgement 176
10.6 References 176
11 Yarns 178
Ka-fai Faith Choi, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
11.1 Introduction 178
11.2 General view of today’s yarns 178
11.3 Yarn structural properties 180
11.4 Yarn mechanics 190
11.5 Degree of fi ber interlacing and abrasion resistance 196
11.6 Conclusion 197
11.7 References 197
12 Fabrics 199
Yi Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China,
and Xiao-qun Dai, Soochow University, China
12.1 Characteristics and classifi cation of fabrics 199
12.2 Fabric construction measurement 201
12.3 Basic mechanical properties and their measurement 202
12.4 Mechanical properties in complex deformation 214
12.5 Conclusion 220
12.6 Acknowledgement 221
12.7 References 221
13 Human skin and underlying soft tissue 223
Ming Zhang and Jason Tak-man Cheung, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, China
13.1 Introduction 223
13.2 Biomechanical testing of human skin 223
13.3 Frictional properties of human skin 233
13.4 Conclusion 235
13.5 References 236
Part IV Clothing biomechanical engineering design (CBED) system 241
14 Integration of mechanical models into numerical
simulations 243
Yi Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China,
Xiao-qun Dai, Soochow University, China, and Xin Zhang,
Xian University of Engineering Science & Technology, China
14.1 Introduction 243
14.2 Mechanical simulation system 243
14.3 Numerical simulation systems 252
14.4 Conclusion 256
14.5 Acknowledgement 256
14.6 References 256
15 Database for biomechanical engineering design 257
Ruo-mei Wang and Yi Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, China, Luo Xiaonan, Zhongshan University, China,
and Xin Zhang, Xian University of Science & Technology, China
15.1 Introduction 257
15.2 Characteristics of database for engineering design 257
15.3 Functional requirement of database for clothing engineering design 259
15.4 The constitution of clothing engineering design 260
15.5 Database design and realization 267
15.6 Examples 275
15.7 Conclusion 280
15.8 Acknowledgement 282
15.9 References 282
16 Preparation for mechanical simulation 283
Ruo-mei Wang, Yi Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, China, Xin Zhang, Xian University of Engineering
Science & Technology, China, Xiao-qun Dai, Soochow University,
China, and Luo Xiaonan, Zhongshan University, China
16.1 Introduction 283
16.2 Preparing geometrical models 283
16.3 Defi nition of various conditions 287
16.4 Examples 290
16.5 Conclusion 295
16.6 Acknowledgement 295
16.7 References 295
17 Visualization for mechanical analysis 296
Yi Li, Ruo-mei Wang, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,
China, Xiao-qun Dai, Soochow University, China, Luo Xiaonan,
Zhongshan University, China, and Xin Zhang, Xian University of
Engineering Science & Technology, China
17.1 Understanding the role of visualization 296
17.2 Methods of visualization 297
17.3 Post-processing: an example 300
17.4 Conclusion 303
17.5 Acknowledgement 303
17.6 References 304
Part V Applications in product development 305
18 Biomechanical engineering of jeans 307
Xin Zhang, Xian University of Engineering Science & Technology,
China, Yi Li and Anthony Wong, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, China
18.1 Introduction 307
18.2 Biomechanical modeling 309
18.3 Computational experiments 313
18.4 Application in jeans’ design 318
18.5 Acknowledgement 318
18.6 References 319
19 Biomechanical engineering of a sports bra 320
Yi Li, KW Yeung, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China,
and Xin Zhang, Xian University of Engineering
Science & Technology, China
19.1 Designing a sports bra 320
19.2 Biomechanical modeling 322
19.3 Biomechanical analysis 326
19.4 Validation of the model 329
19.5 Conclusion 330
19.6 Acknowledgement 330
19.7 References 330
20 Biomechanical engineering of compression stockings 332
Xiao-qun Dai, Soochow University, China, and Yi Li, R Liu
and YL Kwok, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
20.1 Introduction 332
20.2 Biomechanical simulation 334
20.3 Analysis and discussion 338
20.4 Investigation of the mechanism of compression therapy 341
20.5 Conclusion 344
20.6 Acknowledgement 345
20.7 References 345
21 Biomechanical engineering design of socks 347
Yi Li, Ming Zhang and Jason Tak-man Cheung,
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China, Xiao-qun Dai,
Soochow University, China, and Xin Zhang, Xian University
of Engineering Science & Technology, China
21.1 Introduction 347
21.2 Biomechanical modeling 349
21.3 Implications in sock design 360
21.4 Acknowledgement 362
21.5 References 362
22 Biomechanical engineering of footwear 365
Ameersing Luximon, Milanezy (Excel Last) Co Ltd, Hong Kong,
China and Ming Zhang, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
22.1 Introduction 365
22.2 The human foot 366
22.3 Footwear 376
22.4 Foot and footwear interface 385
22.5 Biomechanical model 388
22.6 Conclusion 388
22.7 References 388
23 Biomechanical engineering of aerobic sportswear 391
Anthony Wong, Yi Li and Edward Newton, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, China, and Xin Zhang, Xian University
of Science & Technology, China
23.1 Introduction 391
23.2 Biomechanical modeling 393
23.3 Physical properties of aerobic wear 394
23.4 Biomechanical simulation 395
23.5 Validation of the model 397
23.6 Conclusion 400
23.7 Acknowledgement 401
23.8 References 401
Index 403