Contents
Author contact details x
Woodhead Publishing in Textiles xi
Preface xviii
Part I Concepts of fabric engineering, product development and design 1
1 Introduction: textile fiber-to-fabric engineering 3
1.1 The textile and fiber industry, past and present 3
1.2 The 1990s: a turning point in the textile and fiber industry 5
1.3 Function-focus fibrous products 7
1.4 The move to function-focus fibrous products 9
1.5 Key differences between traditional and function-focus fibrous products 11
1.6 Fiber-to-fabric engineering 13
1.7 References 17
2 Textile engineering principles and concepts 18
2.1 The evolution of engineering 18
2.2 Engineering attributes and concepts 22
2.3 Conclusions 37
2.4 References 37
3 Textile product development: basic concepts and critical factors 39
3.1 Introduction 39
3.2 Simplified view of product development 40
3.3 The product development cycle 45
3.4 Business and marketing aspects related to product development 54
3.5 Product-focus versus user-focus product development 61
3.6 Role of research in product development 63
3.7 References 63
4 Textile product design 65
4.1 Product design: the core task in product development 65
4.2 The product design cycle 67
4.3 Design conceptualization 70
4.4 Design analysis 78
4.5 References 81
5 Textile product design conceptualization: basic elements and tools 82
5.1 Basic differences between design conceptualization and design analysis 82
5.2 General guidelines for design conceptualization 84
5.3 Basic tools of design conceptualization 86
5.4 Conclusions 107
5.5 References 110
6 Textile product design analysis and modeling 112
6.1 The purpose of design analysis 112
6.2 Textile modeling techniques 115
6.3 Artificial neural networks 129
6.4 Optimization analysis: linear programming 133
6.5 Problem solving tools: genetic algorithms and simulated annealing 135
6.6 Modeling human judgment: fuzzy logic 138
6.7 Finite element analysis 143
6.8 Failure analysis 146
6.9 Reliability and survival analysis 150
6.10 References 159
Part II Material selection 163
7 Material selection for textile product design 165
7.1 Introduction 165
7.2 Basic steps of material selection 166
7.3 Material categorization 172
7.4 Common material categories 174
7.5 Basic criteria for the material 182
7.6 Material cost 188
7.7 Effects of technology on material selection 192
7.8 Design-direct versus value–impact performance characteristics 198
7.9 References 206
8 Structure, characteristics and types of fiber for textile product design 208
8.1 Introduction 208
8.2 Basic differences between fibers and other materials 208
8.3 Review of different fiber types 224
8.4 Natural fibers 224
8.5 Regenerated synthetic fibers 227
8.6 Synthetic fibers 228
8.7 Fibers for high-performance applications 229
8.8 References 237
9 Structure and types of yarn for textile product design 240
9.1 Yarn classification 240
9.2 Yarn specifications 241
9.3 Specialty yarns 248
9.4 Idealized yarn structure 258
9.5 Design-related aspects of yarn structure 261
9.6 Conclusions 268
9.7 References 269
10 Types of fabric for textile product design 271
10.1 Introduction 271
10.2 Fabric classifi cation 271
10.3 Yarn-based (YB) fabrics 272
10.4 Fiber–direct (FD) fabrics: nonwovens 288
10.5 Compound fabrics 296
10.6 References 298
11 Finishing processes for fibrous assemblies in textile product design 300
11.1 Introduction 300
11.2 Yarn finish 301
11.3 Fabric finish 301
11.4 Nanotechnology: finish applications 314
11.5 Coating and lamination 321
11.6 References 324
Part III Development and applications of fibrous products 327
12 Development of traditional textile fiber products 329
12.1 Introduction 329
12.2 Performance characteristics of traditional fibrous products 330
12.3 Performance characteristics versus component attributes 333
12.4 Typical values of fabric attributes commonly considered in product development 341
12.5 Implementation of product development concepts for some traditional fibrous products 353
12.6 Denim products 353
12.7 Sportswear products 371
12.8 Thermo-physiological comfort: basic concepts 384
12.9 References 395
13 Development of technical textile products: materials and applications 398
13.1 Introduction 398
13.2 Performance characteristics of function-focus fibrous products 399
13.3 Different categories of function-focus products 402
13.4 Materials for energy 403
13.5 Materials for ground transportation 406
13.6 Materials for aerospace 411
13.7 Materials for information, computers and communications 413
13.8 Materials for medical applications 416
13.9 Materials for construction 419
13.10 Materials for industrial applications 423
13.11 Materials for agriculture applications 426
13.12 Smart materials 427
13.13 Conclusions 429
13.14 References 430
14 Development of textile fi ber products for transportation applications 435
14.1 Introduction 435
14.2 Development of fabrics for airbags used in automotive safety systems 437
14.3 Development of fabrics for safety seatbelts 455
14.4 Development of fabrics for transportation seats 459
14.5 References 471
15 Development of textile fibre products for medical and protection applications 475
15.1 Introduction 475
15.2 Fiber types used for health-related products 476
15.3 Fibrous structures used for health-related products 478
15.4 Categories of health-related products 479
15.5 Protective fibrous systems 496
15.6 References 523
Index 527