Contents
Contributor contact details xi
1 Introduction 1
R SHISHOO, Shishoo Consulting AB, Sweden
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Innovations in fibres and textile materials for sportswear 2
1.3 Design considerations in sportswear/footwear 5
1.4 Sportswear and comfort 6
1.5 Sportswear and protection from injury 7
1.6 The sportswear and sports footwear industry 7
1.7 About the book 8
Part I Current sportswear market
2 Marketoverview 15
D BU I R S K I , WSA Performance & Sports Materials, UK
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Think of a sport, think of a textile 18
2.3 The future is now 19
2.4 The capacity of the market 20
2.5 Future market trends 21
2.6 The market potential in China 23
2.7 Notes 23
3 Key trends in sportswear design 25
S BRAMEL, Sport PremieÁre Magazine, France
3.1 Introduction 25
3.2 First layer: from second skin to power skin 26
3.3 The evolution of layering 33
3.4 External influences 38
3.5 Future trends 41
3.6 Bibliography 43
3.7 Notes 43
4 Material requirements for the design of performance sportswear 44
J MCCA N N , University of Wales, Newport, UK
4.1 Introduction 44
4.2 Identifying the needs of the end-user: developments in sport- specific clothing from postwar to the present day 45
4.3 The design development process: the application of technical textiles in performance sportswear 54
4.4 Emerging trends 64
4.5 Further information and advice 67
4.6 Acknowledgement 68
4.7 References 68
5 Functional sport footwear 70
M NE B O , HaÈme Polytechnic, Finland
5.1 Introduction 70
5.2 Functional design of sport footwear 71
5.3 Functional fit of sport footwear 74
5.4 Functional materials and components in sport footwear 80
5.5 Future trends in functional footwear 83
5.6 References 84
Part II Innovative fibres and fabrics in sport
6 High-performance and high-functional fibres and textiles 89
T S T E GMA I E R , J MA V E L Y A N D P S C H N E I D E R ,
ITV Institute, Gemany
6.1 Introduction 89
6.2 Fibre materials 90
6.3 High-performance fibres 93
6.4 Shape and dimensions of fibres and final properties in end product 100
6.5 Textile formations and their special advantages 103
6.6 High-functional fibres and textiles 108
6.7 Future trends 115
6.8 Sources of further information 119
7 Smart and intelligent textiles and fibres 120
H ME I N A N D E R , Tampere University of Technology, Finland
7.1 Introduction 120
7.2 Smart textile materials 121
7.3 Smart clothing solutions 127
7.4 Wearable technology 129
7.5 Other smart textile applications in sports 131
7.6 Future trends 131
7.7 References 132
8 Coated and laminated textiles in sportswear 134
W F U N G , Consultant, UK
8.1 Introduction 134
8.2 Sports products from coated and laminated fabrics 135
8.3 Base fabrics and fabric preparation 139
8.4 Polymer or resin compounding, laboratory work and pilot coating 142
8.5 Coating methods 143
8.6 Lamination 151
8.7 Testing of coated and laminated fabrics and quality assurance 158
8.8 Environmental aspects 163
8.9 Future considerations 167
8.10 Sources of further information 169
8.11 Further reading 170
8.12 References 170
Part III Sportswear and comfort
9 Physiological comfort of sportswear 177
V T BA R T E L S , Hohenstein Institutes, Germany
9.1 Introduction 177
9.2 Aspects of wear comfort 177
9.3 Measurement of physiological comfort 178
9.4 Applications 183
9.5 Conclusions 200
9.6 Future trends 200
9.7 Further information and reading 201
9.8 Acknowledgment 201
9.9 References 202
10 Elastic textiles 204
J VO Y C E , P DA F N I O T I S and S TOWL S O N , Invista,
Switzerland
10.1 Introduction 204
10.2 Freedom of movement 205
10.3 Enhanced performance 213
10.4 Performance, recovery and wellbeing 225
10.5 Conclusion 227
10.6 Acknowledgements 230
10.7 Notes and references 230
Part IV Protection
11 Is protection part of the game? Protection against impact using clothing and personal equipment 233
R M LA I N G and D J CA R R , University of Otago,
New Zealand
11.1 Introduction 233
11.2 Analysis of injury sustained during sporting activities 234
11.3 Impact protection provided through protective clothing and equipment 239
11.4 Effects of protective clothing and equipment on human performance 246
11.5 Guidelines, codes of practice, standards 247
11.6 Discussion and further developments 254
11.7 Acknowledgements 255
11.8 References 255
12 Protection against cold 262
I HO LMEÂ
R , Lund Technical University, Sweden
12.1 Introduction 262
12.2 The cold environment 262
12.3 Energy metabolism, heat production and physical work 265
12.4 The human heat balance equation 266
12.5 Requirements for protection 267
12.6 Measurements of clothing performance 269
12.7 Performance of clothing for cold protection 271
12.8 Specific materials and textiles for cold protection 278
12.9 Clothing for sports 281
12.10 Sources of further information 284
12.11 References 285
13 Water resistance and water vapour transfer 287
J E RU C KMA N , Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
13.1 Introduction 287
13.2 Water resistance 289
13.3 Water vapour transfer 292
13.4 The condensation problem in waterproof breathable fabrics for sportswear 300
13.5 Conclusions 302
13.6 References 303
Part V Specific applications
14 Textile composites in sports products 309
K VA N D E VE L D E , Ghent University, Belgium
14.1 Introduction 309
14.2 Materials 310
14.3 Design 312
14.4 Production technology 314
14.5 Applications 315
14.6 Conclusion 321
14.7 Acknowledgments 321
14.8 References 321
15 Textiles in sailing 323
R BU C K L E Y , Consultant, UK
15.1 Introduction 323
15.2 Polyester sailcloth 325
15.3 Spinnaker fabrics 331
15.4 Sail design and the sail making process 334
15.5 Laminated sails 335
15.6 Other textile-based products 337
15.7 Future trends 337
15.8 Sources of further information 338
15.9 References 338
16 Textile use in sport shoes 339
E C F R E D E R I C K and C WO J C I E S Z A K , Exeter Research, Inc., USA
16.1 Introduction 339
16.2 Current use of textiles in sport shoes 341
16.3 Wish list for future textile developments 346
16.4 References 350
Index 352