Preface
Textiles are fibres that are spun into yarn or made into fabric by weaving, knitting, braiding, and felting. The term is now applicable to natural and synthetic filaments, yarns, and threads as well as to the woven, knitted, felted, tufted, braided, bonded, knotted, and embroidered fabrics. The spinning and weaving were one of the first crafts that is believed to have been practiced as early as the New Stone Age. In ancient Egypt, the earliest textiles were woven from flax in India, Peru, and Cambodia, from cotton in the Southern European; from wool in China.
Textile also includes non-woven fabrics produced by mechanically or chemically bonding fibres. Computerised textile mill with multiple machines run continuously to produce textiles in the modern market. In a mill, the initial stage of processing fibre into fabric is almost entirely coordinated and controlled by computer. Computers are able to execute complex weaving and spinning jobs with great speed and accuracy. Most are equipped with monitoring sensors that will stop production if an error is detected.
The initial stage of textile manufacturing involves the production of the raw material either by farmers who raise cotton, sheep, silkworms, or flax or by chemists who produce fibre from various basic substances by chemical processes. The fibre is spun into yarn, which is then processed into fabric in a weaving or knitting mill. After dyeing and finishing, the woven material is ready for delivery either directly to a manufacturer of textile products to finally get stitched into clothes that we wear.
This book gives you an insight for terminology used in the textile industry. It should be helpful for everyone who is associated with garment, and textile industry.
.aba
a loose cloak, possibly of Arabian origin related to the J ama in men’s wear.
• abaca
this vegetable leaf fibre is derived from the Musa textiles plant. It is mainly grown in the Philippines but is also found, in smaller amounts in Mrica, Malaysia, Indonesia and Costa Rica. The fibre is obtained from the outer layer of the leaf. Processing occurs when it is separated mechanically decorticated into lengths varying from 3 to 9 feet. Abaca is very strong and has great lustre. It is very resistant to damage from salt water
• absorbency
The ability of a fabric to take in ; moisture. Absorbency is a very : important property, which af~ fects many other characteristics I such as skin comfort, static ~ build-up, shrinkage, stain re: moval, water repelience, and ~ wrinkle recovery.
. abstract
Refers to a design in the abstract I style, i.e. one that represents a : general form and not an accu~ rate representation of a subject.
. accessories
~ additional ornamentation to ; accompany the garment in or: der to create a certain look/im~ age. (shoes, jewelleries etc.)
– alpaca
a natural hair fibre obtained from the Alpaca sheep, a domesticated member of the llama family. The fibre is most commonly used in fabrics made into dresses, suits, coats, and sweaters. Also imitated in wool, wool and alpaca, rayon, mohair and rayon or cotton and a cotton warp and alpaca filling also synthetics e.g. orlon. Fine, silk -like, soft, lightweight and warm. It is very rich and silky with considerable lustre and resembles mohair. If guard hairs are used, it is inclined to be beardy. It is strong and durable. Alpaca is found in white, black, fawn or grey. The fibres are less coarse than those of the llama but are higher in tensile strength.
– alter
to change the pattern so that it corresponds to body measurements.
– angarakfia
• anidex (fibre)
a term used to describe fibres made from a synthetic linear polymer that consists of at least 50% by mass of one or more esters of a monohydric alcohol and propenoic acid (acrylic acid).
• automatic feeder
a machine that feeds a steady supply of raw, dirty cotton to the carding machine.
• awning stripe
1. a design of wide even stripes
2. a heavy canvas fabric with this design. May be yarn dyed or printed.
• azlon
. a term used to describe manufactured fibres in which the fibre- forming substance is composed of any regenerated naturally occurring protein. The isogeneric name is protein.
• back the underside of the cloth as woven in the loom.