Contents
Foreword by Maurice Fickelson vi
Contributors vii
Introduction
K.Gamski
1
The different aspects of long-term behaviour of geotextiles
E.Leflaive
4
The producers’ point of view
J.PerfettiM.Fickelson
7
The users’ point of view
R.T.Murray
9
The researchers’ point of view
J.M.Rigo
11
Civil engineering requirements for long-term behaviour of geotextiles
T.S.Ingold
16
Prediction of long-term creep and relaxation of plastics
L.C.E.Struik
22
Principles of creep and relaxation
G.DenHoedt
25
Fluage comparé de fils de polyester et de polypropylène
B.Leclercq
29
Assessment of the time dependent of geotextiles for reinforced soil
R.T.MurrayA.McGown
39
Le comportement mécanique à long terme des géotextiles et sa prise en compte dans le
dimensionnement d’ouvrages
Ph.Delmas
57
Examinations of long-term filtering behaviour of geotextiles
F.Saathoff
65
Estimation du comportement hydraulique à long terme des géotextiles à partir des essais à court
Terme
Y.Faure
Mécanismes de colmatage des géotextiles
A.L.Rollin
104
Etude de l’interface sol-géotextiles en relation avec la rétention des particules
J.M.Rigo
116
Problèmes liés à la prédiction du comportement à long terme des matériaux polymères
J.Verdu
130
Evolution des caractéristiques mécaniques et physicochimiques des géotextiles prélevés dans
quelques ouvrages
B.Leclercq
150
Problems relating to light degradation and site testing of geotextiles—interim results of an
international weathering programme
P.R.Rankilor
158
The role of thermo-oxidative ageing in the long-term behaviour of geotextiles
J.D.M.Wisse
169
Conclusions
E.Leflaive
177
Index 180
Foreword
How can we define the problems of durability in correct terms so as to ensure long service life in economically acceptable conditions? This question is being constantly asked, and probably too late, judging from the state of a number of civil engineering structures in many parts of the world. So it is quite a healthy attitude to be concerned about materials of which we only have recent experience, such as geotextiles, without waiting for the long term to reveal the mistakes made and the lack of study of local conditions. It is certainly preferable to set up a practice on a firm basis of knowledge, rather than belatedly to investigate the causes of irreversible disorders and to learn costly lessons from degradation which we have not known how to avoid.
There could be no better motive and reason for bringing together experts from the chemical industry, from civil engineering and various research institutes to cast light on the different aspects of long-term behaviour of geotextiles and lift the veils from the future. Although this book contains the most up-to-date information, it is not so much a compilation of what is known, or thought to be known, but more a marking out of the territory still to be explored.
Maurice Fickelson
Secretary General of RILEM
This work is the result of contributions to a seminar organized by RILEM and the International College of Building Science with the support of the International Geotextile Society. It took place in Saint-Rémy-lès- Chevreuse, France, 4–6 November 1986.
Contributors
Ph. Delmas Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC), 58 bd Lefebre, 75732 Paris Cedex 15
G.Den Hoedt ENKA Research Institute B.V., Arnhem.
Y.Faure IRIGM (Institut de Recherches Interdisciplinaires de Géologie et de Mécanique de Grenoble), BP
68, 38402 St. Martin d’Heres Cedex.
M.Fickelson RILEM, 12 rue Brancion, 75737 Paris Cedex 15.
K.Gamski Université de Liège, Institut du Génie Civil, 6 quai Banning, B 4000 Liège.
T.S.Ingold Mulberry Lodge, St. Peters Close, St. Albans, Hertfordshire AL1 3ES.
B.Leclercq Institut Textile de France (ITF), BP 79, 92105 Boulogne Billancourt.
E.Leflaive Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC), Orly Sud n° 155,94396 Orly Aerogare Cedex.
A.McGown University of Strathclyde, Dept of Civil Engineering, John Anderson Building, 107 Rottenrow,
Glasgow G4 ONG.
R.T.Murray Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Dept of Transport, Old Wokingham Road, Crowthorne,
Berkshire RG11 6AU.
J.Perfetti Rhone Poulenc Textiles, Dépt Non Tissés, BP 80, 95871 Bezons Cedex.
P.R.Rankilor Manstock Geotechnical Consultancy Services Ltd, 1 North Parade, Parsonage, Manchester M3 2FB.
J.M.Rigo Institut de Génie Civil, Service Laboratoire des Matériaux de Construction, 6 quai Banning, B 4000
Liège.
A.L.Rollin Ecole Polytechnique, Dépt de Génie Chimique, BP 6079, succursale ‘A’, Montréal, Québec H3C
2A7.
F.Saathoff Franzius-Institut für Wasserbau und Küsteningenieurwesen, Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 32,
FRG 3000 Hannover 1.
L.C.E.Struik Kunstoffen en Rubber Instituut KRI—TNO, Postbus 71, 2600 AB Delft.
J.Verdu Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), 151 bd de l’Hôpital, 75640 Paris Cedex 13.
J.D.M.Wisse Kunstoffen en Rubber Instituut KRI—TNO, Postbus 71, 2600 AB Delft.
INTRODUCTION
K.GAMSKI
Institut de Génie Civil, Université de Liège
The International Symposium organized in Paris in 1977 by the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées and the Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées on the use of textiles in Geotechniques stimulated the setting up of the RILEM Technical Committee 47 Synthetic Membranes (TC 47 SM). Between 1980 and 1985 TC 47 SM concentrated activity on Geotextiles and Geomembranes, two fields in full development. By placing emphasis on the priority given to Geotextiles, the Committee prepared a special issue of Materials and Structures n° 82 1981 devoted to Geotextiles. TC 47 SM worked to a programme aiming at the preparation of Rilem recommendations related to test methods. This included:
– Definitions related to Geotextiles and Geomembranes,
– Recommendations most easy to apply for testing mechanical and hydraulic characteristics implied in these definitions,
– Recommendations to define the behaviour of immediate interest for the study of the practical use of Geotextiles and Geomembranes in the search for solutions to geotechnical problems.