CONTENTS
1. Introduction 123
1.1. The content and objectives of this book in terms of advanced technical textiles series 123
1.2. Advanced technical textiles and their structural features 124
1.3. Industrial considerations of advanced technical textiles 124
1.3.1 The features o f business in advanced technical textiles 124
1.3.2 The market size o f advanced technical textiles 125
1.3.3 The industrial situation o f advanced technical textiles 126
1.3.4 The trends and future scope o f advanced technical textiles 126
2. Textile products contributing to resources and environmental issues 126
2.1. General scope of textile products contributing to resources and environmental issues 126
2.2. Water treatment and purification 127
2.2.1 Water treatment by filtration and bioreaction using fibrous materials 127
2.2.1.1 Filtration systems 127
2.2.1.2 Bioreaction systems 127
2.2.2 Reverse osmosis and UF/MF using membrane systems fo r the production o f purified water 128
2.2.2.7 Reverse osmosis 128
2.2.22 UF and MF for water work 129
2.22.3 Reuse and recycling o f water 129
2.2.3 Water purification by some specific fibers 129
22.3.1 Activated carbon fiber 129
2.2.32 Photocatalyst fiber 129
22.3.3 lon-exchangeable fibers 130
2.2.4 Separation o f oil and water 130
22.4.1 Separation and removal o f oil from seawater 130
2.2.42 Separation and removal o f oil from water 130
2.3. Air purification 130
2.3.1 Bag filter 130
2.3.2 Air filter 130
2.3.3 Toxic-gas removal and solvent recovery 132
2.4. Contribution to energy and resources matters 133
2.4.1 Fiber materials for battery and fo r fuel cell 133
2.4.1.1 For electrode 133
2.4.12 For separator 133
2.4.2 Composites for high-pressure vessel, wind turbine blade, and the rig o f deep-water oil plant 133
2.42.1 High-pressure vessel 133
2.4.22 Wind turbine blade 133
2.4.2.3 Rig tools o f deep-water oil plant 133
2.5. Contribution to energy saving 134
2.5.1 Lightening transport vehicles 134
2.5.2 Thermal-insulation fibrous materials 136
2.6. Recycling and reuse in terms of technical textiles 136
2.6.1 Recycling and reuse from textile wastes 136
2.6.2 Recycling o f fibrous materials into technical textile products 137
2.7. Water-saving system for plantation 137
Textiles products for automobiles 137
3.1. General scope of textile products in automobile sector 137
3.2. Rubber composite parts 138
3.2.1 Tyres 138
3.2.2 Driving belts 139
3.3. Passive-safety inner parts for automobiles 139
3.3.1 Seat belts 140
3.3.2 Air bags 140
3.4. Car interiors 141
3.4.1 Seats and door trim 141
3.4.2 Roof trims 142
3.4.3 Floor coverings 142
3.5. Filters for automobiles 143
3.5.1 Engine filter 143
3.5.2 Oil filter 143
3.5.3 Cabin filter 143
3.5.4 Filter for diesel engine exhaust gas 143
3.6. Noise control materials for automobiles 144
Textile products for medical and hygienic use 144
4.1. Medical uses 144
4.1.1 General scope o f textiles in medical!biological uses 144
4.1.2 Membrane hollow fibers for artificial kidney, artificial lung, virus removal and others 145
4.1.2.1 Artificial kidney 145
4.1.2.2 Artificial lung 146
4.1.2.3 Virus removal filter 147
4.1.2.4 Artificial liver 148
4.1.3 Filter for leukocyte removal 148
4.1.4 Application o f tissue engineering 148
4.1.4.1 Artificial blood vessel 148
4.1.5 Miscellaneous fibrous products for medical and paramedical uses 148
4.1.5.1 Fibrous absorbent for the treatment o f septicemia 148
4.1.5.2 Products for wound dressing 149
4.1.5.3 Fiber material for reusable paramedical goods 150
4.2. Hygienic uses 150
4.2.1 Sanitary napkin 150
4.2.2 Diaper 150
5. Textile products for protection and safety textile 150
5.1. General scope of textiles in protection and safety 150
5.2. Bulletproof and stabproof 151
5.2.1 Bulletproof 151
5.2.2 Stabproof 151
5.3. Suit for fire fighting 152
5.4. Chemicals protection and nuclear particles, biologically toxic materials and chemically toxic materials (NBC) protection 152
5.5. The other kinds of protection and safety 152
5.5.1 Protection from cold environment 152
5.5.2 Protection from hot environment 153
5.5.3 Space suit 153
5 .5.4 Protection from impact damage 153
6. Textile products for electric and information technologies 154
6.1. General scope of textile products in electric and information technologies 154
6.2. Printed circuit 154
6.2.1 Printed circuit rigid board 154
6.2.2 Screen for printing 155
6.3. Electric insulation and cables 155
6.3.1 Electric insulation materials 155
6.3.2 Cables 155
6.4. Electric conductive materials and shielding materials 155
6.4.1 Electric conductive materials and their applications 155
6.4.2 Shielding o f electromagnetic wave 156
6.5. Textile products related to communications 157
6.5.1 Optical fiber for telecommunication 157
6.5.2 Optical fibers for other uses 158
6.5.3 Materials for satellite 158
6.6. Acoustic uses 158
6.6.1 Speaker diaphragm 158
6.6.2 Musical instrument parts 158
7. Textiles for construction and civil engineering 159
7.1. General scope of textiles in construction and civil engineering 159
7.2. Concrete/cement reinforcement 159
7.2.1 Short-fiber reinforcement o f concrete by blending 159
7.2.2 Reinforcement aligned fiber structures 160
7.2.2.1 Alternatives to steel or prestressed steel reinforcement of concrete 160
7.2.2.2 Alternatives to steel beam 161
7.2.2.3 Reinforcement o f concrete board 161
7.2.3 External reinforcement 161
7.3. Geotextiles 161
7.3.1 Reinforcement o f filled slope, soft ground, and mud 162
7.3.2 Materials fo r drainage, separation, filtration, protection, and water barrier 163
7.3.2.1 Drainage 163
7 3 2 .2 Separation 164
7.3.23 Filtration 164
73.2.4 Protection 164
7.3.2.5 Water barrier 166
7.3.3 Materials for some other kinds o f geotextile uses 166
7.4. Miscellaneous construction/pipeline materials 168
7.4.1 Materials for sound control and waterproof in construction 168
7.4.1.1 Sound control 168
7.4.1.2 Waterproof in construction 168
7.4.2 Material for membrane construction 168
7.4.3 Materials for pipelines 169
8. Electronic textiles 170
8.1. General scope of electronic textiles 170
8.2. Materials, parts, and circuit systems for E-textiles 170
8.2.1 Circuit materials and circuit systems for E-textiles 170
8.2.2 Power sources for E-textiles 170
8.2.3 Transmitting and receiver devices and interfacing technologies for E-textiles 171
8.2.4 Sensing technologies for E-textiles 172
8.2.5 Polymer photonic fiber for E-textiles 172
8.3. Application systems of E-textiles 173
8.3.1 Audio entertainment 173
8.3.2 Medical monitoring o f physiological conditions 173
8.3.3 Assistance o f human power! motions 173
8.3.4 Intelligent assistance o f workings 174
8.3.5 Fashion, decoration, and advertisement 176
8.3.6 Assisting sports and actions for health 176
8.3.7 Positive control o f microclimate temperature 176
8.3.8 Intelligent tag 176
8.3.9 Intelligent interiors 111
8.4. Future perspectives 177
9. Concluding remarks 177