CONTENTS
Contributors……………………………………………………………………………….. xiii
Abbreviations………………………………………………………………………………xvii
Preface………………………………………………………………………………………. xxv
1. Comparative Studies on CFU Determination by Pure and/or
Mixed Culture Cultivations……………………………………………………………… 1
Subir Kumar Nandy
2. Cultivation Strategies with Special Reference to Bioreactor
Design and Operation for Industrial Production in Biotechnology…… 23
Anupreet Kaur and Jaspreet Kaur
3. Diversity and Application of Acetic Acid Bacteria in Asia………………… 45
Somboon Tanasupawat, Taweesak Malimas, Nittaya Pitiwittayakul,
Huong Thi Lan Vu, Pattaraporn Yukphan, and Yuzo Yamada
4. Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activity of Actinomycetes……… 85
Khomsan Supong and Somboon Tanasupawat
5. Serratiopeptidase: A Multifaceted Microbial Enzyme in
Health Care………………………………………………………………………………….. 107
Subathra Devi Chandrasekaran, Jemimah Naine Selvakumar, and
Mohanasrinivasan Vaithilingam
6. Production of Bacteriorhodopsin, an Industrially
Important Membrane Protein of Halophilic Archaea:
A Biotechnological Challenge……………………………………………………….. 123
Pradnya Pralhad Kanekar, Snehal Omkar Kulkarni, and Sagar Pralhad Kanekar
7. Properties and Biotechnological Applications of
β-Glucuronidases…………………………………………………………………………. 147
Nasser El-Din Ibrahim, Weilan Shao, and Kesen Ma
8. Microbial Collagenases: An Overview of Their
Production and Applications…………………………………………………………. 179
Jyotsna Jotshi and Pradnya Pralhad Kanekar
9. Characterization, Production, and Application of Microbial
Lipases for Food, Agriculture, Health, and Environment……………….. 203
Jeyabalan Sangeetha, Ravichandra Hospet, Devarajan Thangadurai,
Abhishek Channayya Mundaragi, Purushotham Prathima,
Shivasharana Chandrabanda Thimmappa, and Muniswamy David
10. Microorganisms as Potential Biosorbents of Heavy Metals…………….. 233
Antony Alex Kennedy Ajilda, Nagarajan Padmini, Natesan Sivakumar,
and Gopal Selvakumar
11. Bioremediation Processes and Molecular Tools for Detoxification of
Heavy Metals and Rehabilitation of Contaminated Environments
Using Microbial Genetic and Genomic Resources………………………….. 277
Jeyabalan Sangeetha, Devarajan Thangadurai, Ravichandra Hospet,
Purushotham Prathima, Shrinivas Jadhav, and Muniswamy David
12. Microbial Applications in Nanotechnology Industry………………………. 303
Essam Abdellatif Makky and Mashitah Mohd Yusoff
Index…………………………………………………………………. 323
PREFACE
Growth in biotechnology rose to a new high after the advent of genetic engineering to expand the potential of microbes, namely bacteria, viruses, yeast cells, and other fungi. These miniature organisms act as biochemical factories. Obtaining the complete genome sequence of these microbes provides crucial information about their biology and their biological capabilities, which can be modified for beneficial purposes. The findings from these microorganisms and improvement of these microorganisms describe the branch of microbial biotechnology.
Knowledge in microbial biotechnology is realizing novel stature through the determination of genomic sequences of hundreds of microorganisms and the invention of new technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, to control this deluge of data. These genomic data are now exploited in many applications, ranging from those in medicine to agriculture. This is an epoch of explosive increase of analysis and manipulation of microbial genomes. Microbial biotechnology has led to breakthroughs such as improved vaccines, better disease-diagnostic tools, improved microbial agents for biological control of plant and animal pests, modifications of plant and animal pathogens for reduced virulence, development of new industrial catalysts and fermentation organisms, and new microbial agents for bioremediation of soil and water.
This book provides an exciting interdisciplinary journey through the rapidly changing backdrop of the invention in microbial biotechnology by professional researchers, scientists, and experts in the field. This book has been written in simple and very clear language. The tables and figures included in this book make the content very easy to understand by the readers at any level. This book will serve as good reference material for students, scientists, researchers, and academicians of microbiology and biotechnology.
Chapters 1 and 2 discuss in detail the traditional CFU method for quantitative population analysis of pure and mixed culture cultivations and advanced microbial cultivation strategies in bioreactor designing and industrial operation. The third chapter reviews the diversity of acetic acid producing bacteria in Asia and its applications in various fields. Various microbial secondary metabolites such as microbial enzymes, microbial proteins and its applications in agriculture, food, health, and environment are discussed from Chapters 4 through 9. The microbial potential on biosorption and bioaccumulation of heavy metals, application of molecular tools for the bioremediation of heavy metal pollution, and ecological restoration of the polluted ecosystem through microbial genetic resources are discussed in Chapters 10 and 11. Chapter 12 discusses the advancement of microbial application in nanotechnology for future sustainable development elaborately.
The chapters in this book were prepared and reviewed by many wellknown professionals in their respective fields. Editing and publishing of this book received massive support from experts. We are exceedingly grateful to all these people for their valuable suggestions, contributions, and guidance to finish this book successfully.
We also wish to thank Sandy Jones Sickels, Vice President, and Ashish Kumar, Publisher and President, Apple Academic Press, Inc., for quality production and humble communications to publish this book. We recognize consistent support and constant encouragement from our family members. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to every individual who directly or indirectly was involved and contributed support in preparing this book.