Dyes and Chromophores in Polymer Science PDF by Jacques Lalevée, Jean-Pierre Fouassier

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Dyes and Chromophores in Polymer Science
By Jacques Lalevée, Jean-Pierre Fouassier

Dyes and Chromophores in Polymer Science

Contents

PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
CHAPTER 1. TRENDS IN DYE PHOTOSENSITIZED RADICAL
POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Jacques LALEVÉE and Jean-Pierre FOUASSIER
1.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2. A brief overview of dye-based PISs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.1. Dye one-component systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.2. Dye two-component systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.3. Dye three-component systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3. A discussion on specific or recent developments in
dye-based photoinitiating systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.3.1. Dyes for use with polychromatic visible lights . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.3.2. Dyes for blue, green and red laser light-induced
polymerizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3.3. Dyes as part of PISs in the medical area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.3.4. Dyes in controlled radical photopolymerization reactions . . . . . . 19
1.3.5. Photoinitiation under soft irradiation
conditions: novel three-component systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.3.6. Dyes with red-shifted absorptions and high molar
extinction coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.3.7. Performances of novel three-component PISs
in low-viscosity matrices under LEDs/laser diodes and
low-intensity household devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.3.8. Recoverable dyes: the concept of photoinitiator catalysts . . . . . . 25
1.3.9. Metal-based dyes: recent perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.3.10. Dyes under sunlight exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.3.11. Dye-based PISs as a source of mediator radicals:
application to FRPCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.3.12. Dyes exhibiting a dual radical/cationic behavior:
application to concomitant radical/cationic photopolymerizations . . . . . 28
1.3.13. Dyes in thiol-ene photopolymerizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.3.14. Dyes for the manufacture of photopolymerizable
panchromatic films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.3.15. Dyes for polymerization of in situ nanoparticle
containing films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.4. Dye-based photoinitiating systems: properties,
efficiency and reactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.5. Trends and perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1.6. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
CHAPTER 2. SENSITIZATION OF CATIONIC PHOTOPOLYMERIZATIONS . . . . 45
James CRIVELLO

2.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.2. Photosensitization of onium salts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.3. Synthesis of long wavelength absorbing photoinitiators . . . . . . . . . 50
2.4. Photosensitization of onium salt cationic photoinitiators . . . . . . . . . 51
2.5. Early dye sensitization studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.6. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives . . . . . . . . . 56
2.7. Phenothiazine photosensitizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
2.8. Carbazole photosensitizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.9. Thioxanthone photosensitizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.10. Curcumin as a photosensitizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
2.11. Quinoxaline photosensitizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
2.12. Miscellaneous electron-transfer photosensitizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
2.13. Free-radical-promoted photosensitization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
2.14. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2.15. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
CHAPTER 3. CONTROLLED PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION AND NOVEL
ARCHITECTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Sean DORAN, Omer Suat TASKIN, Mehmet Atilla TASDELEN and
Yusuf YA CI
3.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3.2. Photoinitiated controlled radical polymerizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.2.1. Photoiniferter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.2.2. Photoinitiated nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization . . . . . . 87
3.2.3. Photoinitiated atom transfer radical polymerization . . . . . . . . . 89
3.2.4. Photoinitiated RAFT polymerization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
3.3. Photoinitiated living ionic polymerization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
3.3.1. Living cationic photopolymerization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
3.3.2. Living anionic photopolymerization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
3.4. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
3.5. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

CHAPTER 4. APPLIED PHOTOCHEMISTRY IN DENTAL MATERIALS:
FROM BEGINNINGS TO STATE OF THE ART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Joachim E. KLEE, Maximilian MAIER and Christoph P. FIK
4.1. Photoinitiated free radical polymerization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
4.1.1. Introduction: from ultraviolet to visible light curing . . . . . . . . . 123
4.1.2. The camphorquinone/amine system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
4.1.3. Acyl phosphine oxides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
4.1.4. Various other photoinitiator systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
4.2. Cationic photopolymerization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
4.3. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
4.4. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
CHAPTER 5. PHOTOINITIATED CROSS-LINKING IN OLEDS:
AN EFFICIENT TOOL FOR ADDRESSING THE SOLUTION-PROCESSED
DEVICES ELABORATION AND STABILITY ISSUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Frédéric DUMUR and Didier GIGMES
5.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
5.2. Cross-linking of light-emitting materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
5.2.1. Polymer-based light-emitting materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
5.2.2. Small-molecule-based light-emitting materials . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
5.3. Cross-linking of charge-transport materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
5.3.1. Polymer-based hole-transport materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
5.3.2. Polymer-based electron-transport/injection materials . . . . . . . . . 165
5.3.3. Small-molecule-based hole-transport materials . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
5.4. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
5.5. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

CHAPTER 6. POLYMERS AS LIGHT-HARVESTING DYES
IN DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Thanh-Tuân BUI, Xavier SALLENAVE and Fabrice GOUBARD
6.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
6.2. Characterization of DSSC devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
6.3. Poly(3-thiophenylacetic acid)-based polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
6.4. Phenylenevinylene-based polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
6.5. Triphenylamine-based polymer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
6.6. Fluorene-based polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
6.7. Dye polymers with acceptor–donor structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
6.8. Polymer containing metal complexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
6.9. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
6.10. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
CHAPTER 7. NIR-DYES FOR PHOTOPOLYMERS AND LASER DRYING IN
THE GRAPHIC INDUSTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Bernd STREHMEL, Thomas BRÖMME, Christian SCHMITZ,
Knut REINER, Steffen ERNST and Dietmar KEIL
7.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
7.2. Computer to plate systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
7.2.1. Technical remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
7.2.2. Photochemical aspects of photoinitiation using NIR lasers . . . . . 218
7.2.3. Importance of thermal deactivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
7.2.4. Contrast materials and color on demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
7.2.5. Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
7.3. Laser-drying and offset-printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
7.3.1. Principle of laser-drying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
7.3.2. Chemical systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
7.4. Conclusions and outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
7.5. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
7.6. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
CHAPTER 8. DYES AND PHOTOPOLYMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Yue QI and John T. SHERIDAN
8.1. Photopolymer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
8.2. Dye study of the photopolymer materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
8.3. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
8.4. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
CHAPTER 9. ADVANCED STRATEGIES FOR SPATIALLY
RESOLVED SURFACE DESIGN VIA PHOTOCHEMICAL METHODS . . . . . . . . 279
Anja S. GOLDMANN, Guillaume DELAITTRE, Jan O. MUELLER and
Christopher BARNER-KOWOLLIK
9.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
9.2. Inorganic surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
9.3. Bio and bioinspired surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
9.4. Cross-linking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
9.5. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
9.6. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
CHAPTER 10. PHOTOSYNTHESIZED HIGH-PERFORMANCE
BIOMATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Julien BABINOT, Estelle RENARD, Valérie LANGLOIS and
Davy-Louis VERSACE
10.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
10.2. Surface photografting methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
10.2.1. Photoinduced “grafting-from” method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
10.2.2. Benzophenone and derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
10.2.3. Ketones and derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
10.2.4. Photo-oxidation process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
10.2.5. Photoiniferters for living/controlled
surface photografting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
10.2.6. Triarylsulfonium salts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
10.3. Photoinduced “grafting-to” procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
10.3.1. Aryl azides chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
10.3.2. Anthraquinone-derived monomers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
10.4. Achievements and biomedical applications of the
photosynthesized materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
10.4.1. Achievements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
10.4.2. Stimuli-responsive materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
10.4.3. Modification of membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
10.4.4. Biomedical applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
10.4.5. Enzymes and proteins immobilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
10.4.6. Cell adhesion and compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
10.5. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
10.6. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
CHAPTER 11. LIGHT-CURED LUMINESCENT COATINGS FOR
PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Federico BELLA, Gianmarco GRIFFINI, Roberta BONGIOVANNI and
Stefano TURRI
11.1. Photovoltaics: technology, devices and
spectral management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
11.1.1. Energy demand and photovoltaic converters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
11.1.2. Spectral management for photovoltaics:
principles, materials and applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
11.2. Photocurable luminescent downshifting layers and
dye-sensitized solar cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
11.3. Luminescent solar concentrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
11.4. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
CHAPTER 12. POLYMERS WITH PHOTOINDUCED
SELF-HEALING PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Julien POLY
12.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
12.2. Healing based on photo-reversible cycloadditions . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
12.3. Healing based on photoinduced homolytic
dissociations of covalent bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
12.4. Photoinduced healing in supramolecular polymers
and related systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
12.5. Healing based on photothermally induced phase transitions
or photo-isomerizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
12.6. Conclusion and perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
12.7. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
LIST OF AUTHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

 

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