Handbook of Detergents (Part A, B, C, D, E, F)
By Uri Zoller
Handbook of Detergents, Part A: Properties
Edited by Guy Braze
Contents
Handbook Introduction iii
Preface v
Contributors ix
1. Detergents: Technical and Practical Challenges 1
Guy Braze
2. Surfactants: Classification 7
Louis Oldenhove de Guertechin
3. Surface Activity 47
Patrick Durbut
4. Surfactant Solubility 99
Robert G. Laughlin
5. Anionic-Cationic Surfactant Mixtures 133
Ammanuel Mehreteab
6. Polymer-Surfactant Interactions: Their Behavior at the Solid-Liquid
Interface 157
Anne-Marie Misselyn-Bauduin
7. Emulsions 181
Alain Jacques
8. Microemulsions 253
1 ean-Louis Salager
9. Equilibrium and Dynamics of Surfactant Adsorption Monolayers and Thin
Liquid Films 303
Krassimir D. Danov, Peter A. Kralchevsky, and Ivan B. Ivanov
10. Foam in Consumer Products 419
Germaine Zocchi
11. Surfactant Interactions with Skin 433
Thomas G. Polefka
12. Models for Studying Surfactant Interactions with the Skin 469
Marc Paye
13. Properties of Builders: Nonphosphate Builders 511
Daniel Joubert, Robert Gresser, and Jean-Pierre Cuif
14. Polymers in Detergents 559
Paolo Zini
15. Oxygen Bleaches 597
Vince Croud
16. Hypochlorite Bleach 619
John A. Church
17. Applications of Hypochlorite 631
Michel Julemont
18. Detergent Enzymes: A Challenge! 639
Andre Crutzen and Miriam L. Douglass
19. Perfumes in Detergents 691
John Ramsbotham
20. The Use of Colorants in Soaps and Detergents 721
Robert L. Mahaffey, Jr.
21. Disinfection and Preservation in Detergents 743
Franr;oise Siquet
22. Rheological Modifiers for Aqueous Solutions 757
Amjad Farooq
Index 787
Handbook of Detergents, Part B: Environmental Impact
Edited by Uri Zoller
Contents
Handbook Introduction iii
Preface vii
Contributors xiii
Part I The Multidimensionality of Detergent-Related Environmental
Impact and Its Assessment
1. Sustainable Relationships: Raw Materials–Surfactant/Detergent
Production/Formulation–Usage/Consumption–Environment:
A Systemic Challenge for the New Millennium 1
Uri Zoller
2. Detergents and the Environment: Historical Review 11
Marcel Friedman
3. Distribution, Behavior, Fate, and Effects of Surfactants and Their
Degradation Products in the Environment 77
Guang-Guo Ying
4. Relevance of Biodegradation Assessments of Detergents/Surfactants 111
M. Rodriguez and D. Prats
5. Toxicology and Ecotoxicology of Detergent Chemicals 129
Yutaka Takagi, Shinya Ebata, and Toshiharu Takei
6. Generation and Use of Data to Predict Environmental
Concentrations for Use in Detergent Risk Assessments 147
M. S. Holt and K. K. Fox
7. Life Cycle Assessment: A Novel Approach to the Environmental
Profile of Detergent Consumer Products 195
Erwan Saouter, Gert van Hoof, and Peter White
8. Biodegradability and Toxicity of Surfactants 211
Torben Madsen
9. The Biodegradability of Detergent Ingredients in an Environmental
Context: A Practical Approach 249
John Solbe´
10. Environmental Risk Assessment of Surfactants: Quantitative
Structure–Activity Relationships for Aquatic Toxicity 271
David W. Roberts
11. Environmental Impacts of Detergent Packaging: The Case
of Plastic Bottles 299
Susan E. Selke
12. European Environmental Safety Legislation on Detergents 317
Jose´ Luis Berna
13. The Application of Environmental Risk Assessment to Detergent
Ingredients in Consumer Products 347
Christina Cowan-Ellsberry, Scott Belanger, Donald Versteeg,
Geert Boeije, and Tom Feijtel
Part II Environmental Behavior, Effects, and Impact of Detergent
Components
14. Surfactants in the Environment: Fate and Effects of Linear
Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS) and Alcohol-Based Surfactants 373
Luciano Cavalli
15. The Environmental Safety of Alkylphenol Ethoxylates
Demonstrated by Risk Assessment and Guidelines
for Their Safe Use 429
Carter G. Naylor
16. Estrogenic Effects of the Alkylphenol Ethoxylates and Their
Biodegradation Products 447
Karen L. Thorpe and Charles R. Tyler
17. The Survival and Distribution of Alkylphenol Ethoxylate
Surfactants in Surface Water and Groundwater: The Case of
Israel—Is There an Environmental Problem? 467
Uri Zoller
18. Ecology and Toxicology of Alkyl Polyglycosides 487
Andreas Willing, Horst Messinger, and Walter Aulmann
19. Biodegradation of Cationic Surfactants: An Environmental
Perspective 523
C. G. van Ginkel
20. Biodegradability of Amphoteric Surfactants 551
Andreas Domsch and Klaus Jenni
21. Environmental Impact of Inorganic Detergent Builders 573
Harald P. Bauer
22. Environmental Impact of Aminocarboxylate Chelating Agents 611
Otto Grundler, Hans-Ulrich Ja¨ger, and Helmut Witteler
23. Environmental Impact of Bleaching Activators 629
Vince Croud
24. Perborates: The Environmentally Problematic Bleaching Agents 645
J. Tarchitzky and Y. Chen
25. Toxicology and Ecotoxicology of Minor Components in Personal
Care Products 663
Louis Ho Tan Tai
26. The Environmental Impact of Surfactant Ingredients in Pesticide
Formulations—Special Focus on Alcohol Ethoxylates and
Alkylamine Ethoxylates 691
Kristine A. Krogh, Bent Halling-Sørensen, Betty B. Mogensen,
and Karl V. Vejrup
27. Biodegradation of Surface-Active Detergent Components in Sewage
Treatment Plants 719
Zenon Lukaszewski
28. Surfactant Biodegradation: Sugar-Based Surfactants Compared
to Other Surfactants 739
I. J. A. Baker, C. J. Drummond, D. N. Furlong, and F. Grieser
29. Biotreatment of Wastewater with a High Concentration
of Surfactants 761
Oded Vashitz and Ester Gorelik
30. Science Versus Politics in the Environmental Regulatory Process 785
John E. Heinze
31. The Environmental Impact of Detergents: Which Way Is the
Wind Blowing? 803
Uri Zoller
Index 811
Handbook Introduction iii
Preface vii
Contributors xiii
Part I The Multidimensionality of Detergent-Related Environmental
Impact and Its Assessment
1. Sustainable Relationships: Raw Materials–Surfactant/Detergent
Production/Formulation–Usage/Consumption–Environment:
A Systemic Challenge for the New Millennium 1
Uri Zoller
2. Detergents and the Environment: Historical Review 11
Marcel Friedman
3. Distribution, Behavior, Fate, and Effects of Surfactants and Their
Degradation Products in the Environment 77
Guang-Guo Ying
4. Relevance of Biodegradation Assessments of Detergents/Surfactants 111
M. Rodriguez and D. Prats
5. Toxicology and Ecotoxicology of Detergent Chemicals 129
Yutaka Takagi, Shinya Ebata, and Toshiharu Takei
6. Generation and Use of Data to Predict Environmental
Concentrations for Use in Detergent Risk Assessments 147
M. S. Holt and K. K. Fox
7. Life Cycle Assessment: A Novel Approach to the Environmental
Profile of Detergent Consumer Products 195
Erwan Saouter, Gert van Hoof, and Peter White
8. Biodegradability and Toxicity of Surfactants 211
Torben Madsen
9. The Biodegradability of Detergent Ingredients in an Environmental
Context: A Practical Approach 249
John Solbe´
10. Environmental Risk Assessment of Surfactants: Quantitative
Structure–Activity Relationships for Aquatic Toxicity 271
David W. Roberts
11. Environmental Impacts of Detergent Packaging: The Case
of Plastic Bottles 299
Susan E. Selke
12. European Environmental Safety Legislation on Detergents 317
Jose´ Luis Berna
13. The Application of Environmental Risk Assessment to Detergent
Ingredients in Consumer Products 347
Christina Cowan-Ellsberry, Scott Belanger, Donald Versteeg,
Geert Boeije, and Tom Feijtel
Part II Environmental Behavior, Effects, and Impact of Detergent
Components
14. Surfactants in the Environment: Fate and Effects of Linear
Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS) and Alcohol-Based Surfactants 373
Luciano Cavalli
15. The Environmental Safety of Alkylphenol Ethoxylates
Demonstrated by Risk Assessment and Guidelines
for Their Safe Use 429
Carter G. Naylor
16. Estrogenic Effects of the Alkylphenol Ethoxylates and Their
Biodegradation Products 447
Karen L. Thorpe and Charles R. Tyler
17. The Survival and Distribution of Alkylphenol Ethoxylate
Surfactants in Surface Water and Groundwater: The Case of
Israel—Is There an Environmental Problem? 467
Uri Zoller
18. Ecology and Toxicology of Alkyl Polyglycosides 487
Andreas Willing, Horst Messinger, and Walter Aulmann
19. Biodegradation of Cationic Surfactants: An Environmental
Perspective 523
C. G. van Ginkel
20. Biodegradability of Amphoteric Surfactants 551
Andreas Domsch and Klaus Jenni
21. Environmental Impact of Inorganic Detergent Builders 573
Harald P. Bauer
22. Environmental Impact of Aminocarboxylate Chelating Agents 611
Otto Grundler, Hans-Ulrich Ja¨ger, and Helmut Witteler
23. Environmental Impact of Bleaching Activators 629
Vince Croud
24. Perborates: The Environmentally Problematic Bleaching Agents 645
J. Tarchitzky and Y. Chen
25. Toxicology and Ecotoxicology of Minor Components in Personal
Care Products 663
Louis Ho Tan Tai
26. The Environmental Impact of Surfactant Ingredients in Pesticide
Formulations—Special Focus on Alcohol Ethoxylates and
Alkylamine Ethoxylates 691
Kristine A. Krogh, Bent Halling-Sørensen, Betty B. Mogensen,
and Karl V. Vejrup
27. Biodegradation of Surface-Active Detergent Components in Sewage
Treatment Plants 719
Zenon Lukaszewski
28. Surfactant Biodegradation: Sugar-Based Surfactants Compared
to Other Surfactants 739
I. J. A. Baker, C. J. Drummond, D. N. Furlong, and F. Grieser
29. Biotreatment of Wastewater with a High Concentration
of Surfactants 761
Oded Vashitz and Ester Gorelik
30. Science Versus Politics in the Environmental Regulatory Process 785
John E. Heinze
31. The Environmental Impact of Detergents: Which Way Is the
Wind Blowing? 803
Uri Zoller
Index 811
Handbook of Detergents, Part C: Analysis
Edited by Heinrich Waldhoff and Rüdiger Spilker
Contents ix
Handbook Introduction iii
Preface vii
Contributors xi
1. Types and Typical Ingredients of Detergents 1
Hermann G. Hauthal
2. Analysis of Detergent Formulations—General Procedure 101
Heinrich Waldhoff
3. Determination of Nonionic Surfactants 149
Kosuke Tanaka and Akinori Igarashi
4. Determination of Anionic Surfactants 215
Ru¨diger Spilker
5. Analysis of Cationic and Amphoteric Surfactants 289
Norbert Buschmann
6. Analysis of Inorganic Detergent Builders 389
Harald P. Bauer
7. Sequestrants and Chelating Agents 425
Ru¨diger Spilker and Peter Haas
8. Analysis of Bleaching Agents and Bleaching Accelerators 439
Martina Hirschen
9. Analysis of Detergent Enzymes 471
Karl-Heinz Maurer and Matthias Gabler
10. Determination of Optical Brighteners in Laundry Detergents 487
Gerd W. Heinemann and Gerhard Merkle
11. Miscellaneous Ingredients 507
Heinrich Waldhoff and Peter Haas
12. Testing Performance of Detergents and Cleansers 541
Anke Ophu¨ls, Thomas Hilgers, and Ju¨rgen Bohnen
13. Environmentally Related Analysis 551
Bjo¨rn Thiele, Klaus Gu¨nther, and Milan Schwuger
14. Analytical Techniques: Basics and Fields of Application 581
Bernhard Menzebach
Future Trends 643
Index 645
Handbook Introduction iii
Preface vii
Contributors xi
1. Types and Typical Ingredients of Detergents 1
Hermann G. Hauthal
2. Analysis of Detergent Formulations—General Procedure 101
Heinrich Waldhoff
3. Determination of Nonionic Surfactants 149
Kosuke Tanaka and Akinori Igarashi
4. Determination of Anionic Surfactants 215
Ru¨diger Spilker
5. Analysis of Cationic and Amphoteric Surfactants 289
Norbert Buschmann
6. Analysis of Inorganic Detergent Builders 389
Harald P. Bauer
7. Sequestrants and Chelating Agents 425
Ru¨diger Spilker and Peter Haas
8. Analysis of Bleaching Agents and Bleaching Accelerators 439
Martina Hirschen
9. Analysis of Detergent Enzymes 471
Karl-Heinz Maurer and Matthias Gabler
10. Determination of Optical Brighteners in Laundry Detergents 487
Gerd W. Heinemann and Gerhard Merkle
11. Miscellaneous Ingredients 507
Heinrich Waldhoff and Peter Haas
12. Testing Performance of Detergents and Cleansers 541
Anke Ophu¨ls, Thomas Hilgers, and Ju¨rgen Bohnen
13. Environmentally Related Analysis 551
Bjo¨rn Thiele, Klaus Gu¨nther, and Milan Schwuger
14. Analytical Techniques: Basics and Fields of Application 581
Bernhard Menzebach
Future Trends 643
Index 645
Handbook of Detergents, Part D: Formulation
Edited by Michael S. Showell
Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Detergents 1
Michael S. Showell
2. Statistical Mixture Design for Optimization of Detergent Formulations 27
Samir S. Ashrawi and George A. Smith
3 . Laundry Detergent Formulations 51
Randall A. Watson
4 . Dishwashing Detergents for Household Applications 105
Jichun Shi, William M. Scheper, Mark R. Sivik, Glenn T. Jordan,
Jean-François Bodet, and Brian X. Song
5. The Formulation of Liquid Household Cleaners 153
Stefano Scialla
6. Liquid Bleach Formulations 179
Stefano Scialla and Oreste Todini
7. Personal Care Formulations 207
Achim Ansmann, Peter Busch, Hermann Hensen, Karlheinz Hill,
Hans-Udo Krächter, and Michael Müller
8. Special Purpose Cleaning Formulations: Auto Care and
Industrial/Institutional Products 261
Felix Mueller, Jörg Peggau, and Shoaib Arif
9. Surfactant Applications in Textile Processing 279
Jiping Wang and Yong Zhu
10. Detergent Formulations in Separation Science 305
Edmondo Pramauro and Alessandra Bianco Prevot
11. Surfactant Formulations in Enhanced Oil Recovery 325
Thanaa Abdel-Moghny
12. Surfactant-Based Systems for Environmental Remediation 347
David A. Sabatini, Robert C. Knox, Jeffrey H. Harwell, and Ben Shiau
13. Paints and Printing Inks 369
Krister Holmberg
14. Surfactant Formulations in Polymerization 387
Gianmarco Polotti
15. Detergent Formulations in Lubricants 437
Tze-Chi Jao and Charles A. Passut
16. N -Alkyl Amide Sulfates 473
Hiromoto Mizushima
17. Future Outlook for Detergent Formulations 483
Kenneth N. Price
Index 519
1. Introduction to Detergents 1
Michael S. Showell
2. Statistical Mixture Design for Optimization of Detergent Formulations 27
Samir S. Ashrawi and George A. Smith
3 . Laundry Detergent Formulations 51
Randall A. Watson
4 . Dishwashing Detergents for Household Applications 105
Jichun Shi, William M. Scheper, Mark R. Sivik, Glenn T. Jordan,
Jean-François Bodet, and Brian X. Song
5. The Formulation of Liquid Household Cleaners 153
Stefano Scialla
6. Liquid Bleach Formulations 179
Stefano Scialla and Oreste Todini
7. Personal Care Formulations 207
Achim Ansmann, Peter Busch, Hermann Hensen, Karlheinz Hill,
Hans-Udo Krächter, and Michael Müller
8. Special Purpose Cleaning Formulations: Auto Care and
Industrial/Institutional Products 261
Felix Mueller, Jörg Peggau, and Shoaib Arif
9. Surfactant Applications in Textile Processing 279
Jiping Wang and Yong Zhu
10. Detergent Formulations in Separation Science 305
Edmondo Pramauro and Alessandra Bianco Prevot
11. Surfactant Formulations in Enhanced Oil Recovery 325
Thanaa Abdel-Moghny
12. Surfactant-Based Systems for Environmental Remediation 347
David A. Sabatini, Robert C. Knox, Jeffrey H. Harwell, and Ben Shiau
13. Paints and Printing Inks 369
Krister Holmberg
14. Surfactant Formulations in Polymerization 387
Gianmarco Polotti
15. Detergent Formulations in Lubricants 437
Tze-Chi Jao and Charles A. Passut
16. N -Alkyl Amide Sulfates 473
Hiromoto Mizushima
17. Future Outlook for Detergent Formulations 483
Kenneth N. Price
Index 519
Handbook of Detergents, Part E: Applications
Edited by Uri Zoller
Contents
Handbook Introduction ………………………………… xiii
Handbook of Detergents Series …………………xv
Preface ………………………………………xvii
Editor ………………………………………..xix
Contributors ………………………………..xxi
Chapter 1 Detergents Application: Current Realities and Future Perspectives ……………………….1
Uri Zoller
Chapter 2 All-Purpose Cleaners and Their Formulation…………………………….5
Karen Wisniewski
Chapter 3 Dishwashing with Detergents………………………………39
Joan Gambogi, Sharon Kennedy, and Edna Ambundo
Chapter 4 Applications of Detergent in Laundering ………………………………………………………….69
Marianne Zappone, Andrew Kaziska, and Gregory Bogush
Chapter 5 Specialty Cleaners……………………………………83
Karen Wisniewski
Chapter 6 Application of Personal Care Detergent Formulations …………………………………….. 109
Louis Ho Tan Tai and Veronique Nardello-Rataj
Chapter 7 Body-Cleansing Technology ……………………………….. 135
Syed H. Abbas
Chapter 8 Applications of Surfactants in Shampoos …….. 151
Yelloji-Rao K. Mirajkar
Chapter 9 Fabric Softening…………………….. 181
Amjad Farooq and Charles J. Schramm, Jr.
Chapter 10 Industrial and Institutional Cleaners ……….. 201
Fahim Uddin Ahmed
Chapter 11 Applications of Amphoterics-Based Formulations …………………………………………..287
David Floyd (Editing/Compiling: Uri Zoller)
Chapter 12 Detergents in Agrochemical and Pesticide Applications ………………………………….. 301
Robert L. Hill
Chapter 13 Application of Surfactants in Lubricants and Fuels …………………………………………. 331
Tze-Chi Jao and Charles A. Passut
Chapter 14 Polymeric Surfactants and Their Applications: Steric, Emulsion, and
Suspension Stabilization ……………………… 345
Tharwat Tadros, Bart Levecke, and Karl Booten
Chapter 15 Application of Surfactants in Environmental Remediation ………………………………. 363
Uri Zoller
Chapter 16 Application of Bleaching Detergent Formulations…………………………………………… 375
Gerd Reinhardt and Georg Borchers
Chapter 17 Role of Surfactants in Paints, Inks, and Polishes …………………………………………….. 419
Rakesh Kumar Khandal, Geetha Seshadri, Gunjan Suri, and Dhriti Khandal
Chapter 18 Applications of Surfactants in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms………………………….. 455
Katy Margulis-Goshen, Alexander Kamyshny, and Shlomo Magdassi
Index ………………………..469
Handbook Introduction ………………………………… xiii
Handbook of Detergents Series …………………xv
Preface ………………………………………xvii
Editor ………………………………………..xix
Contributors ………………………………..xxi
Chapter 1 Detergents Application: Current Realities and Future Perspectives ……………………….1
Uri Zoller
Chapter 2 All-Purpose Cleaners and Their Formulation…………………………….5
Karen Wisniewski
Chapter 3 Dishwashing with Detergents………………………………39
Joan Gambogi, Sharon Kennedy, and Edna Ambundo
Chapter 4 Applications of Detergent in Laundering ………………………………………………………….69
Marianne Zappone, Andrew Kaziska, and Gregory Bogush
Chapter 5 Specialty Cleaners……………………………………83
Karen Wisniewski
Chapter 6 Application of Personal Care Detergent Formulations …………………………………….. 109
Louis Ho Tan Tai and Veronique Nardello-Rataj
Chapter 7 Body-Cleansing Technology ……………………………….. 135
Syed H. Abbas
Chapter 8 Applications of Surfactants in Shampoos …….. 151
Yelloji-Rao K. Mirajkar
Chapter 9 Fabric Softening…………………….. 181
Amjad Farooq and Charles J. Schramm, Jr.
Chapter 10 Industrial and Institutional Cleaners ……….. 201
Fahim Uddin Ahmed
Chapter 11 Applications of Amphoterics-Based Formulations …………………………………………..287
David Floyd (Editing/Compiling: Uri Zoller)
Chapter 12 Detergents in Agrochemical and Pesticide Applications ………………………………….. 301
Robert L. Hill
Chapter 13 Application of Surfactants in Lubricants and Fuels …………………………………………. 331
Tze-Chi Jao and Charles A. Passut
Chapter 14 Polymeric Surfactants and Their Applications: Steric, Emulsion, and
Suspension Stabilization ……………………… 345
Tharwat Tadros, Bart Levecke, and Karl Booten
Chapter 15 Application of Surfactants in Environmental Remediation ………………………………. 363
Uri Zoller
Chapter 16 Application of Bleaching Detergent Formulations…………………………………………… 375
Gerd Reinhardt and Georg Borchers
Chapter 17 Role of Surfactants in Paints, Inks, and Polishes …………………………………………….. 419
Rakesh Kumar Khandal, Geetha Seshadri, Gunjan Suri, and Dhriti Khandal
Chapter 18 Applications of Surfactants in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms………………………….. 455
Katy Margulis-Goshen, Alexander Kamyshny, and Shlomo Magdassi
Index ………………………..469
Handbook of Detergents, Part F: Production
Edited by Uri Zoller
Contents
Handbook Introduction ……………………………………xv
Handbook of Detergents Series ……..xvii
Preface …………………………………………xix
Editor …………………………………………xxi
Co-Editor …………………………………. xxiii
Contributors ………………………………..xxv
1 Surfactant Production: Present Realities and Future Perspectives ………………………………………1
Matthew I. Levinson
2 Detergent Alkylate and Detergent Ole_ ns Production …………………………………………………….39
Bipin V. Vora, Gary A. Peterson, Stephen W. Sohn, and Mark G. Riley
3 Production and Economics of Alkylphenols, Alkylphenolethoxylates,
and Their Raw Materials …………………………………….49
Anson Roy Grover
4 Production of Alkyl Glucosides ………..69
Jan Varvil, Patrick McCurry, and Carl Pickens
5 Production of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate and α-Ole_ n Sulfonates …………………………….83
Icilio Adami
6 Production of Alcohols and Alcohol Sulfates ………………… 117
Jeffrey J. Scheibel
7 Production of Alkanesulfonates and Related Compounds
(High-Molecular-Weight Sulfonates) …………. 139
Jean Paul Canselier
8 Production of Glyceryl Ether Sulfonates ……………………… 159
Jeffrey C. Cummins
9 Manufacture of Syndet Toilet Bars ………………… 171
Paolo Tovaglieri
10 Phosphate Ester Surfactants ….. 183
David J. Tracy and Robert L. Reierson
11 Production of Methyl Ester Sulfonates ………. 201
Norman C. Foster, Brian W. MacArthur, W. Brad Sheats, Michael C. Shea, and
Sanjay N. Trivedi
12 Amphoteric Surfactants: Synthesis and Production ………….. 221
David J. Floyd and Mathew Jurczyk (edited by Uri Zoller)
13 Production of Alkanolamides, Alkylpolyglucosides, Alkylsulfosuccinates,
and Alkylglucamides ……………………………………. 239
Bernhard Gutsche and Ansgar Behler
14 Production of Hydrotropes ……………………………..247
Robert L. Burns (edited by Uri Zoller)
15 Production of Ethylene Oxide/Propylene Oxide Block Copolymers ………………………………. 253
Elio Santacesaria, Martino Di Serio, and Riccardo Tesser
16 Production of Oxyethylated Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ………………………………………………….. 271
Jan Szymanowski
17 Production of Silicone Surfactants and Antifoam Compounds in Detergents …………………..285
Anthony J. O’Lenick, Jr. and Kevin A. O’Lenick
18 Production of Fluorinated Surfactants by Electrochemical Fluorination ………………………… 301
Hans-Joachim Lehmler
19 Detergent Processing ……………………………….. 323
A. E. Bayly, D. J. Smith, Nigel S. Roberts, David W. York, and S. Capeci
20 Production of Quaternary Surfactants ………………………..365
Ansgar Behler
21 Production of Detergent Builders: Phosphates, Carbonates, and Polycarboxylates …………… 375
Olina G. Raney
22 Production of Silicates and Zeolites for Detergent Industry …………………………………………..387
Harald P. Bauer
23 Production of Inorganic and Organic Bleaching Ingredients …………………………………………. 421
Noel S. Boulos
24 Inorganic Bleaches: Production of Hypochlorite …………………………………………………………. 435
William L. Smith
25 Production of Key Ingredients of Detergent Personal Care Products ……………………………… 473
Louis Ho Tan Tai and Veronique Nardello-Rataj
26 Production of Solvents for Detergent Industry …………………………………………………………….. 491
Rakesh Kumar Khandal, Sapana Kaushik, Geetha Seshadri, and Dhriti Khandal
27 Production of Proteases and Other Detergent Enzymes ……………………………………………….. 531
T. T. Hansen, H. Jørgensen, and M. Bundgaard-Nielsen
28 Chemistry, Production, and Application of Fluorescent Whitening Agents …………………….. 547
Karla Ann Wilzer and Andress Kirsty Johnson
29 Production of Gemini Surfactants …………………….. 561
Bessie N. A. Mbadugha and Jason S. Keiper
Index …………………………………..579
Handbook Introduction ……………………………………xv
Handbook of Detergents Series ……..xvii
Preface …………………………………………xix
Editor …………………………………………xxi
Co-Editor …………………………………. xxiii
Contributors ………………………………..xxv
1 Surfactant Production: Present Realities and Future Perspectives ………………………………………1
Matthew I. Levinson
2 Detergent Alkylate and Detergent Ole_ ns Production …………………………………………………….39
Bipin V. Vora, Gary A. Peterson, Stephen W. Sohn, and Mark G. Riley
3 Production and Economics of Alkylphenols, Alkylphenolethoxylates,
and Their Raw Materials …………………………………….49
Anson Roy Grover
4 Production of Alkyl Glucosides ………..69
Jan Varvil, Patrick McCurry, and Carl Pickens
5 Production of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate and α-Ole_ n Sulfonates …………………………….83
Icilio Adami
6 Production of Alcohols and Alcohol Sulfates ………………… 117
Jeffrey J. Scheibel
7 Production of Alkanesulfonates and Related Compounds
(High-Molecular-Weight Sulfonates) …………. 139
Jean Paul Canselier
8 Production of Glyceryl Ether Sulfonates ……………………… 159
Jeffrey C. Cummins
9 Manufacture of Syndet Toilet Bars ………………… 171
Paolo Tovaglieri
10 Phosphate Ester Surfactants ….. 183
David J. Tracy and Robert L. Reierson
11 Production of Methyl Ester Sulfonates ………. 201
Norman C. Foster, Brian W. MacArthur, W. Brad Sheats, Michael C. Shea, and
Sanjay N. Trivedi
12 Amphoteric Surfactants: Synthesis and Production ………….. 221
David J. Floyd and Mathew Jurczyk (edited by Uri Zoller)
13 Production of Alkanolamides, Alkylpolyglucosides, Alkylsulfosuccinates,
and Alkylglucamides ……………………………………. 239
Bernhard Gutsche and Ansgar Behler
14 Production of Hydrotropes ……………………………..247
Robert L. Burns (edited by Uri Zoller)
15 Production of Ethylene Oxide/Propylene Oxide Block Copolymers ………………………………. 253
Elio Santacesaria, Martino Di Serio, and Riccardo Tesser
16 Production of Oxyethylated Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ………………………………………………….. 271
Jan Szymanowski
17 Production of Silicone Surfactants and Antifoam Compounds in Detergents …………………..285
Anthony J. O’Lenick, Jr. and Kevin A. O’Lenick
18 Production of Fluorinated Surfactants by Electrochemical Fluorination ………………………… 301
Hans-Joachim Lehmler
19 Detergent Processing ……………………………….. 323
A. E. Bayly, D. J. Smith, Nigel S. Roberts, David W. York, and S. Capeci
20 Production of Quaternary Surfactants ………………………..365
Ansgar Behler
21 Production of Detergent Builders: Phosphates, Carbonates, and Polycarboxylates …………… 375
Olina G. Raney
22 Production of Silicates and Zeolites for Detergent Industry …………………………………………..387
Harald P. Bauer
23 Production of Inorganic and Organic Bleaching Ingredients …………………………………………. 421
Noel S. Boulos
24 Inorganic Bleaches: Production of Hypochlorite …………………………………………………………. 435
William L. Smith
25 Production of Key Ingredients of Detergent Personal Care Products ……………………………… 473
Louis Ho Tan Tai and Veronique Nardello-Rataj
26 Production of Solvents for Detergent Industry …………………………………………………………….. 491
Rakesh Kumar Khandal, Sapana Kaushik, Geetha Seshadri, and Dhriti Khandal
27 Production of Proteases and Other Detergent Enzymes ……………………………………………….. 531
T. T. Hansen, H. Jørgensen, and M. Bundgaard-Nielsen
28 Chemistry, Production, and Application of Fluorescent Whitening Agents …………………….. 547
Karla Ann Wilzer and Andress Kirsty Johnson
29 Production of Gemini Surfactants …………………….. 561
Bessie N. A. Mbadugha and Jason S. Keiper
Index …………………………………..579
You can take below books:
- Handbook of Detergents: Properties, Part A | Edited by Guy Braze
- Handbook of Detergents: Environmental Impact, Part B | Edited by Uri Zoller
- Handbook of Detergents: Analysis, Part C | Edited by Heinrich Waldhoff and Rüdiger Spilker
- Handbook of Detergents: Formulation, Part D | Edited by Michael S. Showell
- Handbook of Detergents: Applications, Part E | Edited by Uri Zoller
- Handbook of Detergents: Production, Part F | Edited by Uri Zoller
You can also take this book:
Handbook of Detergents – 6 Volume Set