Table of ConTenTs
Preface to the fourth edItIon …………………………………………………………………………. XXII
SectIon I – the Project ManageMent fraMework ………………………………………………..1
chaPter 1 – IntroductIon ………………………………………………………………………………………3
1.1 Purpose of the PMBOK® Guide ……………………………………………………………………. 4
1.2 what is a Project?………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
1.3 what is Project Management? …………………………………………………………………….. 6
1.4 relationships among Project Management,
Program Management, and Portfolio Management ……………………………………….. 7
1.4.1 Portfolio Management ……………………………………………………………………… 8
1.4.2 Program Management ……………………………………………………………………… 9
1.4.3 Projects and Strategic Planning………………………………………………………. 10
1.4.4 Project Management office …………………………………………………………….. 11
1.5 Project Management and operations Management ……………………………………… 12
1.6 role of a Project Manager …………………………………………………………………………. 13
1.7 Project Management Body of knowledge……………………………………………………. 13
1.8 enterprise environmental factors ………………………………………………………………. 14
chaPter 2 – Project LIfe cycLe and organIzatIon ……………………………………………..15
2.1 the Project Life cycle—overview ……………………………………………………………… 15
2.1.1 characteristics of the Project Life cycle…………………………………………… 16
2.1.2 Product vs. Project Life cycle relationships …………………………………….. 18
2.1.3 Project Phases ………………………………………………………………………………. 18
2.2 Projects vs. operational work ……………………………………………………………………. 22
2.3 Stakeholders ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 23
2.4 organizational Influences on Project Management ……………………………………… 27
2.4.1 organizational cultures and Styles ……………………………………………………. 27
2.4.2 organizational Structure …………………………………………………………………… 28
2.4.3 organizational Process assets ………………………………………………………… 32
SectIon II – the Standard for Project ManageMent of a Project ……………………35
chaPter 3 – Project ManageMent ProceSSeS for a Project …………………………….37
3.1 common Project Management Process Interactions ……………………………………. 39
3.2 Project Management Process groups ………………………………………………………… 41
3.3 Initiating Process group ……………………………………………………………………………. 44
3.3.1 develop Project charter ………………………………………………………………….. 45
3.3.2 Identify Stakeholders …………………………………………………………………….. 46
3.4 Planning Process group ……………………………………………………………………………. 46
3.4.1 develop Project Management Plan ………………………………………………….. 48
3.4.2 collect requirements …………………………………………………………………….. 49
3.4.3 define Scope …………………………………………………………………………………. 49
3.4.4 create wBS …………………………………………………………………………………… 49
3.4.5 define activities …………………………………………………………………………….. 50
3.4.6 Sequence activities ……………………………………………………………………….. 50
3.4.7 estimate activity resources ……………………………………………………………. 50
3.4.8 estimate activity durations …………………………………………………………….. 51
3.4.9 develop Schedule ………………………………………………………………………….. 51
3.4.10 estimate costs ………………………………………………………………………………. 52
3.4.11 determine Budget ………………………………………………………………………….. 52
3.4.12 Plan Quality …………………………………………………………………………………… 52
3.4.13 develop human resource Plan ……………………………………………………….. 53
3.4.14 Plan communications …………………………………………………………………….. 53
3.4.15 Plan risk Management …………………………………………………………………… 53
3.4.16 Identify risks ………………………………………………………………………………… 54
3.4.17 Perform Qualitative risk analysis ……………………………………………………. 54
3.4.18 Perform Quantitative risk analysis …………………………………………………. 54
3.4.19 Plan risk responses …………………………………………………………………….. 55
3.4.20 Plan Procurements ………………………………………………………………………… 55
3.5 executing Process group ………………………………………………………………………….. 55
3.5.1 direct and Manage Project execution ……………………………………………… 57
3.5.2 Perform Quality assurance ……………………………………………………………… 57
3.5.3 acquire Project team …………………………………………………………………….. 57
3.5.4 develop Project team …………………………………………………………………….. 58
3.5.5 Manage Project team …………………………………………………………………….. 58
3.5.6 distribute Information ……………………………………………………………………. 58
3.5.7 Manage Stakeholder expectations ………………………………………………….. 59
3.5.8 conduct Procurements …………………………………………………………………… 59
3.6 Monitoring and controlling Process group …………………………………………………. 59
3.6.1 Monitor and control Project work ……………………………………………………. 61
3.6.2 Perform Integrated change control …………………………………………………. 61
3.6.3 Verify Scope ………………………………………………………………………………….. 61
3.6.4 control Scope ………………………………………………………………………………… 62
3.6.5 control Schedule……………………………………………………………………………. 62
3.6.6 control costs …………………………………………………………………………………. 62
3.6.7 Perform Quality control ………………………………………………………………….. 63
3.6.8 report Performance ……………………………………………………………………….. 63
3.6.9 Monitor and control risks ………………………………………………………………. 63
3.6.10 administer Procurements ………………………………………………………………. 64
3.7 closing Process group ……………………………………………………………………………… 64
3.7.1 close Project or Phase ……………………………………………………………………. 65
3.7.2 close Procurements ………………………………………………………………………. 65
SectIon III – the Project ManageMent knowLedge areaS…………………………………..67
Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 69
data flow diagrams …………………………………………………………………………………………. 69
chaPter 4 – Project IntegratIon ManageMent …………………………………………………..71
4.1 develop Project charter ……………………………………………………………………………. 73
4.1.1 develop Project charter: Inputs ………………………………………………………. 75
4.1.2 develop Project charter: tools and techniques ………………………………… 77
4.1.3 develop Project charter: outputs …………………………………………………….. 77
4.2 develop Project Management Plan …………………………………………………………….. 78
4.2.1 develop Project Management Plan: Inputs ……………………………………….. 78
4.2.2 develop Project Management Plan: tools and techniques …………………. 81
4.2.3 develop Project Management Plan: outputs …………………………………….. 81
4.3 direct and Manage Project execution ………………………………………………………… 83
4.3.1 direct and Manage Project execution: Inputs …………………………………… 85
4.3.2 direct and Manage Project execution: tools and techniques …………….. 86
4.3.3 direct and Manage Project execution: outputs …………………………………. 87
4.4 Monitor and control Project work ……………………………………………………………… 89
4.4.1 Monitor and control Project work: Inputs ………………………………………… 90
4.4.2 Monitor and control Project work: tools and techniques ………………….. 92
4.4.3 Monitor and control Project work: outputs ………………………………………. 92
4.5 Perform Integrated change control ……………………………………………………………. 93
4.5.1 Perform Integrated change control: Inputs ………………………………………. 97
4.5.2 Perform Integrated change control: tools and techniques ………………… 98
4.5.3 Perform Integrated change control: outputs ……………………………………. 98
4.6 close Project or Phase ……………………………………………………………………………… 99
4.6.1 close Project or Phase: Inputs ………………………………………………………. 101
4.6.2 close Project or Phase: tools and techniques ………………………………… 101
4.6.3 close Project or Phase: outputs …………………………………………………….. 101
chaPter 5 – Project ScoPe ManageMent …………………………………………………………..103
5.1 collect requirements ……………………………………………………………………………… 105
5.1.1 collect requirements: Inputs ………………………………………………………… 106
5.1.2 collect requirements: tools and techniques ………………………………….. 107
5.1.3 collect requirements: outputs ……………………………………………………… 109
5.2 define Scope ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 112
5.2.1 define Scope: Inputs …………………………………………………………………….. 113
5.2.2 define Scope: tools and techniques ………………………………………………. 114
5.2.3 define Scope: outputs ………………………………………………………………….. 115
5.3 create wBS ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 116
5.3.1 create wBS: Inputs ………………………………………………………………………. 117
5.3.2 create wBS: tools and techniques ………………………………………………… 118
5.3.3 create wBS: outputs ……………………………………………………………………. 121
5.4 Verify Scope …………………………………………………………………………………………… 123
5.4.1 Verify Scope: Inputs ……………………………………………………………………… 124
5.4.2 Verify Scope: tools and techniques ……………………………………………….. 124
5.4.3 Verify Scope: outputs …………………………………………………………………… 125
5.5 control Scope ………………………………………………………………………………………… 125
5.5.1 control Scope: Inputs …………………………………………………………………… 126
5.5.2 control Scope: tools and techniques …………………………………………….. 127
5.5.3 control Scope: outputs …………………………………………………………………. 128
chaPter 6 – Project tIMe ManageMent ……………………………………………………………..129
6.1 define activities ……………………………………………………………………………………… 133
6.1.1 define activities: Inputs ……………………………………………………………….. 134
6.1.2 define activities: tools and techniques …………………………………………. 134
6.1.3 define activities: outputs ……………………………………………………………… 135
6.2 Sequence activities ………………………………………………………………………………… 136
6.2.1 Sequence activities: Inputs …………………………………………………………… 137
6.2.2 Sequence activities: tools and techniques …………………………………….. 138
6.2.3 Sequence activities: outputs ………………………………………………………… 141
6.3 estimate activity resources ……………………………………………………………………. 141
6.3.1 estimate activity resources: Inputs ………………………………………………. 143
6.3.2 estimate activity resources: tools and techniques ………………………… 144
6.3.3 estimate activity resources: outputs …………………………………………….. 145
6.4 estimate activity durations ……………………………………………………………………… 146
6.4.1 estimate activity durations: Inputs ……………………………………………….. 147
6.4.2 estimate activity durations: tools and techniques …………………………. 149
6.4.3 estimate activity durations: outputs ……………………………………………… 151
6.5 develop Schedule …………………………………………………………………………………… 152
6.5.1 develop Schedule: Inputs ……………………………………………………………… 153
6.5.2 develop Schedule: tools and techniques ……………………………………….. 154
6.5.3 develop Schedule: outputs …………………………………………………………… 157
6.6 control Schedule ……………………………………………………………………………………. 160
6.6.1 control Schedule: Inputs ………………………………………………………………. 161
6.6.2 control Schedule: tools and techniques ………………………………………… 162
6.6.3 control Schedule: outputs …………………………………………………………….. 163
chaPter 7 – Project coSt ManageMent …………………………………………………………….165
7.1 estimate costs ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 168
7.1.1 estimate costs: Inputs ………………………………………………………………….. 169
7.1.2 estimate costs: tools and techniques ……………………………………………. 171
7.1.3 estimate costs: outputs ……………………………………………………………….. 174
7.2 determine Budget …………………………………………………………………………………… 174
7.2.1 determine Budget: Inputs …………………………………………………………….. 175
7.2.2 determine Budget: tools and techniques ………………………………………. 177
7.2.3 determine Budget: outputs …………………………………………………………… 178
7.3 control costs …………………………………………………………………………………………. 179
7.3.1 control costs: Inputs ……………………………………………………………………. 181
7.3.2 control costs: tools and techniques ……………………………………………… 181
7.3.3 control costs: outputs ………………………………………………………………….. 187
chaPter 8 – Project QuaLIty ManageMent ………………………………………………………..189
8.1 Plan Quality ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 192
8.1.1 Plan Quality: Inputs ……………………………………………………………………… 193
8.1.2 Plan Quality: tools and techniques ………………………………………………… 195
8.1.3 Plan Quality: outputs ……………………………………………………………………. 200
8.2 Perform Quality assurance ……………………………………………………………………… 201
8.2.1 Perform Quality assurance: Inputs ………………………………………………… 203
8.2.2 Perform Quality assurance: tools and techniques ………………………….. 204
8.2.3 Perform Quality assurance: outputs ………………………………………………. 205
8.3 Perform Quality control …………………………………………………………………………… 206
8.3.1 Perform Quality control: Inputs ……………………………………………………… 207
8.3.2 Perform Quality control: tools and techniques ……………………………….. 208
8.3.3 Perform Quality control: outputs …………………………………………………… 213
chaPter 9 – Project huMan reSource ManageMent …………………………………………215
9.1 develop human resource Plan ………………………………………………………………… 218
9.1.1 develop human resource Plan: Inputs …………………………………………… 219
9.1.2 develop human resource Plan: tools and techniques …………………….. 220
9.1.3 develop human resource Plan: outputs ………………………………………… 222
9.2 acquire Project team ……………………………………………………………………………… 225
9.2.1 acquire Project team: Inputs ………………………………………………………… 226
9.2.2 acquire Project team: tools and techniques ………………………………….. 227
9.2.3 acquire Project team: outputs ………………………………………………………. 229
9.3 develop Project team ……………………………………………………………………………… 229
9.3.1 develop Project team: Inputs ………………………………………………………… 231
9.3.2 develop Project team: tools and techniques ………………………………….. 232
9.3.3 develop Project team: outputs ……………………………………………………… 235
9.4 Manage Project team ……………………………………………………………………………… 236
9.4.1 Manage Project team: Inputs ………………………………………………………… 237
9.4.2 Manage Project team: tools and techniques ………………………………….. 238
9.4.3 Manage Project team: outputs ……………………………………………………… 241
chaPter 10 – Project coMMunIcatIonS ManageMent ……………………………………….243
10.1 Identify Stakeholders ……………………………………………………………………………… 246
10.1.1 Identify Stakeholders: Inputs ………………………………………………………… 247
10.1.2 Identify Stakeholders: tools and techniques ………………………………….. 248
10.1.3 Identify Stakeholders: outputs………………………………………………………. 250
10.2 Plan communications …………………………………………………………………………….. 251
10.2.1 Plan communications: Inputs ……………………………………………………….. 253
10.2.2 Plan communications: tools and techniques …………………………………. 253
10.2.3 Plan communications: outputs ……………………………………………………… 256
10.3 distribute Information …………………………………………………………………………….. 258
10.3.1 distribute Information: Inputs ……………………………………………………….. 259
10.3.2 distribute Information: tools and techniques …………………………………. 260
10.3.3 distribute Information: outputs …………………………………………………….. 260
10.4 Manage Stakeholder expectations …………………………………………………………… 261
10.4.1 Manage Stakeholder expectations: Inputs ……………………………………… 263
10.4.2 Manage Stakeholder expectations: tools and techniques ……………….. 264
10.4.3 Manage Stakeholder expectations: outputs …………………………………… 265
10.5 report Performance ……………………………………………………………………………….. 266
10.5.1 report Performance: Inputs ………………………………………………………….. 267
10.5.2 report Performance: tools and techniques ……………………………………. 268
10.5.3 report Performance: outputs ………………………………………………………… 270
chaPter 11 – Project rISk ManageMent ……………………………………………………………273
11.1 Plan risk Management …………………………………………………………………………… 276
11.1.1 Plan risk Management: Inputs ……………………………………………………… 278
11.1.2 Plan risk Management: tools and techniques ……………………………….. 279
11.1.3 Plan risk Management: outputs ……………………………………………………. 279
11.2 Identify risks …………………………………………………………………………………………. 282
11.2.1 Identify risks: Inputs ……………………………………………………………………. 284
11.2.2 Identify risks: tools and techniques ……………………………………………… 286
11.2.3 Identify risks: outputs …………………………………………………………………. 288
11.3 Perform Qualitative risk analysis ……………………………………………………………. 289
11.3.1 Perform Qualitative risk analysis: Inputs ………………………………………. 290
11.3.2 Perform Qualitative risk analysis: tools and techniques ………………… 291
11.3.3 Perform Qualitative risk analysis: outputs …………………………………….. 293
11.4 Perform Quantitative risk analysis ………………………………………………………….. 294
11.4.1 Perform Quantitative risk analysis: Inputs …………………………………….. 295
11.4.2 Perform Quantitative risk analysis: tools and techniques ………………. 296
11.4.3 Perform Quantitative risk analysis: outputs ………………………………….. 300
11.5 Plan risk responses ………………………………………………………………………………. 301
11.5.1 Plan risk responses: Inputs …………………………………………………………. 302
11.5.2 Plan risk responses: tools and techniques …………………………………… 303
11.5.3 Plan risk responses: outputs ………………………………………………………. 305
11.6 Monitor and control risks……………………………………………………………………….. 308
11.6.1 Monitor and control risks: Inputs …………………………………………………. 309
11.6.2 Monitor and control risks: tools and techniques …………………………… 310
11.6.3 Monitor and control risks: outputs ……………………………………………….. 311
chaPter 12 – Project ProcureMent ManageMent …………………………………………….313
12.1 Plan Procurements …………………………………………………………………………………. 316
12.1.1 Plan Procurements: Inputs ……………………………………………………………. 319
12.1.2 Plan Procurements: tools and techniques ……………………………………… 321
12.1.3 Plan Procurements: outputs …………………………………………………………. 324
12.2 conduct Procurements ……………………………………………………………………………. 328
12.2.1 conduct Procurements: Inputs ……………………………………………………… 330
12.2.2 conduct Procurements: tools and techniques ……………………………….. 331
12.2.3 conduct Procurements: outputs ……………………………………………………. 333
12.3 administer Procurements ……………………………………………………………………….. 335
12.3.1 administer Procurements: Inputs ………………………………………………….. 337
12.3.2 administer Procurements: tools and techniques ……………………………. 338
12.3.3 administer Procurements: outputs ………………………………………………… 340
12.4 close Procurements ……………………………………………………………………………….. 341
12.4.1 close Procurements: Inputs ………………………………………………………….. 343
12.4.2 close Procurements: tools and techniques ……………………………………. 343
12.4.3 close Procurements: outputs ………………………………………………………… 344
referenceS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………345
SectIon IV – aPPendIceS ………………………………………………………………………………………347
aPPendIX a – fourth edItIon changeS ………………………………………………………………..349
a.1 consistency and clarification ………………………………………………………………….. 349
a.1.1 consistency …………………………………………………………………………………. 349
a.1.2 clarification…………………………………………………………………………………. 350
a.2 Process changes ……………………………………………………………………………………. 352
a.3 chapter 4—Project Integration Management changes ………………………………. 352
a.4 chapter 5—Project Scope Management changes ……………………………………… 353
a.5 chapter 6—Project time Management changes ……………………………………….. 353
a.6 chapter 7—Project cost Management changes ………………………………………… 354
a.7 chapter 8—Project Quality Management changes ……………………………………. 354
a.8 chapter 9—Project human resource Management changes ……………………… 355
a.9 chapter 10—Project communications Management changes ……………………. 355
a.10 chapter 11—Project risk Management changes ………………………………………. 356
a.11 chapter 12—Project Procurement Management changes ………………………….. 356
a.12 appendices ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 357
a.13 glossary ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 357
aPPendIX B – eVoLutIon of PMI’S a guIde to the Project
ManageMent Body of knowLedge ………………………………………………………………………359
B.1 Initial development…………………………………………………………………………………. 359
B.2 1986–87 update ……………………………………………………………………………………… 360
B.3 1996 update …………………………………………………………………………………………… 361
Standards committee …………………………………………………………………………….. 365
contributors …………………………………………………………………………………………… 365
Reviewers ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 366
Production Staff …………………………………………………………………………………….. 367
B.4 2000 Update …………………………………………………………………………………………… 367
PMI Project Management Standards Program Member Advisory Group ………. 369
PMBOK® Guide Update Project Team ………………………………………………………… 369
Contributors …………………………………………………………………………………………… 369
Reviewers ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 370
Contributions to Predecessor Documents …………………………………………………. 372
Production Staff …………………………………………………………………………………….. 372
B.5 Third Edition Update ……………………………………………………………………………….. 373
Structural Changes ………………………………………………………………………………… 373
Process Name Changes ………………………………………………………………………….. 373
Elimination of Facilitating and Core Process Designations …………………………. 374
Writing Styles ………………………………………………………………………………………… 374
Chapter 1 – Introduction Changes ……………………………………………………………. 374
Chapter 2 – Project Life Cycle and Organization Changes ………………………….. 375
Chapter 3 – Project Management Processes for a Project Changes ……………. 375
Chapter 4 – Project Integration Management Changes………………………………. 375
Chapter 5 – Project Scope Management Changes ……………………………………… 376
Chapter 6 – Project Time Management Changes ……………………………………….. 377
Chapter 7 – Project Cost Management Changes ……………………………………….. 377
Chapter 8 – Project Quality Management Changes ……………………………………. 378
Chapter 9 – Project Human Resource Management Changes ……………………… 378
Chapter 10 – Project Communications Management Changes ……………………. 379
Chapter 11 – Project Risk Management Changes ……………………………………… 379
Chapter 12 – Project Procurement Management Changes …………………………. 380
Glossary ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 380
PMBOK® Guide – Third Edition Project Leadership Team ……………………………. 381
PMBOK® Guide – Third Edition Project Core Team ……………………………………… 381
PMBOK® Guide – Third Edition Project Sub-Teams…………………………………….. 381
Significant Contributors ………………………………………………………………………….. 382
PMBOK® Guide – Third Edition Project Team Members ………………………………. 382
Final Exposure Draft Reviewers and Contributors …………………………………….. 386
PMI Standards Member Advisory Group (MAG) …………………………………………. 388
Production Staff …………………………………………………………………………………….. 388
aPPendIX c – contrIButorS and reVIewerS of PMBOK® Guide – fourth edItIon ….389
c.1 PMBOK® Guide—fourth edition Project core team ……………………………………. 389
c.2 PMBOK® Guide 2004 update Project Sub-teams ……………………………………….. 390
c.3 Significant contributors ………………………………………………………………………….. 390
c.4 PMBOK® Guide—fourth edition operation team Members…………………………. 390
c.5 PMBOK® Guide—fourth edition Project content contributors …………………….. 391
c.6 PMBOK® Guide—fourth edition Project content reviewers ……………………….. 392
c.7 PMBOK® Guide—fourth edition Project team Members …………………………….. 393
c.8 final exposure draft reviewers and contributors ……………………………………… 395
c.9 PMI Standards Member advisory group (Mag) …………………………………………. 401
c.10 Staff contributors …………………………………………………………………………………… 401
aPPendIX d – aPPLIcatIon area eXtenSIonS ……………………………………………………….403
d.1 need for application area extensions ………………………………………………………. 403
d.2 criteria for development of application area extensions ……………………………. 404
d.3 Publishing and format of application area extensions ………………………………. 405
d.4 Process for development and Maintenance of application area extensions … 405
aPPendIX e – addItIonaL SourceS of InforMatIon on Project ManageMent ……407
e.1 Professional and technical organizations ………………………………………………… 407
e.2 commercial Publishers …………………………………………………………………………… 409
e.3 Product and Service Vendors …………………………………………………………………… 410
e.4 educational Institutions ………………………………………………………………………….. 410
aPPendIX f – SuMMary of Project ManageMent knowLedge areaS …………………411
f.1 Project Integration Management ……………………………………………………………… 411
f.2 Project Scope Management …………………………………………………………………….. 412
f.3 Project time Management ………………………………………………………………………. 412
f.4 Project cost Management ……………………………………………………………………….. 413
f.5 Project Quality Management ……………………………………………………………………. 413
f.6 Project human resource Management …………………………………………………….. 413
f.7 Project communications Management …………………………………………………….. 414
f.8 Project risk Management ……………………………………………………………………….. 414
f.9 Project Procurement Management …………………………………………………………… 415
aPPendIX g – InterPerSonaL SkILLS ……………………………………………………………………417
g.1 Leadership ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 417
g.2 team Building ………………………………………………………………………………………… 418
g.3 Motivation ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 418
g.4 communication ………………………………………………………………………………………. 419
g.5 Influencing …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 419
g.6 decision Making …………………………………………………………………………………….. 420
g.7 Political and cultural awareness ……………………………………………………………… 420
g.8 negotiation …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 421
g.9 references …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 421
gLoSSary …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….423
1. Inclusions and exclusions ……………………………………………………………………….. 423
2. common acronyms ………………………………………………………………………………… 424
3. definitions ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 426
IndeX ………………………………………………………………………….455