Intermediate Algebra: Connecting Concepts through Applications, 2nd Edition
By Mark Clark and Cynthia Anfinson
By Mark Clark and Cynthia Anfinson
Contents
1 Linear Functions 1
1.1 Solving Linear Equations 2
Linear equations • Applications • Literal equations
1.2 Fundamentals of Graphing and Slope 19
Introduction to Graphing Equations • Linear Equations in Two Variables • The Meaning of Slope
in an Application • Graphing Lines Using Slope and Intercept
1.3 Intercepts and Graphing 41
The General Form of Lines • Intercepts and Their Meaning • Graphing Lines Using
Intercepts • Horizontal and Vertical Lines
1.4 Finding Equations of Lines 58
Equations of Lines • Parallel and Perpendicular Lines • Interpreting the Characteristics of
a Line: A Review
1.5 Functions and Function Notation 74
Relations and Functions • Vertical line test • Function Notation • Domain and Range of Functions
1.6 Using Data to Create Scatterplots 95
Using Data to Create Scatterplots • Adjusting Data • Graphical Models • Domain and Range of a
Model • Applications
1.7 Finding Linear Models 114
Using a Calculator to Create Scatterplots • Linear Models • Applications
Chapter 1 Summary 133
Chapter 1 Review Exercises 142
Chapter 1 Test 145
Chapter 1 Projects 146
Systems of Linear Equations and
Inequalities 149
2.1 Systems of Linear Equations 150
Definition of Systems • Graphical and Numerical Solutions • Types of Systems • Applications
2.2 Solving Systems of Equations Using the Substitution Method 166
Substitution Method • Consistent and Inconsistent Systems • Applications
2.3 Solving Systems of Equations Using the Elimination Method 179
Elimination Method • Applications of Systems
2.4 Solving Linear Inequalities 189
Introduction to Inequalities • Solving Inequalities • Systems as Inequalities • Solving
Inequalities Numerically and Graphically • Solving Compound Inequalities • Applications
2.5 Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities 205
Absolute Value Equations • Absolute Value Inequalities Involving “Less Than”
or “Less Than or Equal To” • Absolute Value Inequalities Involving “Greater Than”
or “Greater Than or Equal To” • Applications
2.6 Solving Systems of Linear Inequalities 220
Graphing Linear Inequalities with Two Variables • Solving Systems of Linear
Inequalities • Applications
Chapter 2 Summary 235
Chapter 2 Review Exercises 243
Chapter 2 Test 246
Chapter 2 Projects 248
Cumulative Review Chapters 1-2 250
3.1 Rules for Exponents 254
Rules for Exponents • Negative Exponents and Zero as an Exponent • Using Scientific
Notation • Rational exponents • Applications
3.2 Combining Functions 270
The Terminology of Polynomials • Degree • Adding and Subtracting Functions • Multiplying
and Dividing Functions • Applications
3.3 Composing Functions 288
Combining functions using composition • Applications
3.4 Factoring Polynomials 299
Factoring Out the GCF • Factoring by Grouping • Factoring Using the AC Method • Factoring
Using Trial and Error • Prime Polynomials
3.5 Special Factoring Techniques 312
Perfect Square Trinomials • Difference of Squares • Difference and Sum of Cubes • Multistep
Factorizations • Trinomials in Quadratic Form
Chapter 3 Summary 320
Chapter 3 Review Exercises 325
Chapter 3 Test 328
Chapter 3 Projects 330
4.1 Quadratic Functions and Parabolas 332
Introduction to Quadratic Functions and Identifying the Vertex • Identifying
a Quadratic Function • Recognizing Graphs of Quadratic Functions and Identifying the
Vertex • Applications
4.2 Graphing Quadratic Functions from Vertex Form 345
Axis of Symmetry • Vertex Form • Graphing Quadratic Functions from Vertex Form • Domain
and Range • Applications
4.3 Finding Quadratic Models 363
Quadratic Models • Domain and Range • Applications
4.4 Solving Quadratic Equations by the Square Root Property and
Completing the Square 378
Solving from Vertex Form • Square Root Property • Using the Pythagorean Theorem • The
Distance Formula • Completing the Square • Converting to Vertex Form • Graphing from
Vertex Form with x-Intercepts • Applications
4.5 Solving Equations by Factoring 399
The Product Property of Zero • Solving by Factoring • Finding a Quadratic Function from the
Graph • Solving Nonlinear Polynomial Inequalities in One Variable • Applications
4.6 Solving Quadratic Equations by Using the Quadratic Formula 417
Solving by the Quadratic Formula • Determining Which Algebraic Method to Use When Solving
a Quadratic Equation • Solving Systems of Equations Involving Quadratic Functions
4.7 Graphing Quadratic Functions from Standard Form 430
Graphing from Standard Form • Graphing Quadratic Inequalities in Two Variables • Applications
Chapter 4 Summary 444
Chapter 4 Review Exercises 457
Chapter 4 Test 461
Chapter 4 Projects 462
Cumulative Review Chapters 1-4 465
5.1 Exponential Functions: Patterns of Growth and Decay 470
Exploring Exponential Growth and Decay • Recognizing Exponential Patterns • Applications
5.2 Solving Equations Using Exponent Rules 489
Recap of the Rules for Exponents • Solving Power Equations • Solving Exponential Equations
by Inspection • Identifying Exponential Equations and Power Equations • Applications
5.3 Graphing Exponential Functions 498
Exploring Graphs of Exponentials • Domain and Range of Exponential
Functions • Exponentials of the Form f 1×2 5 a # bx 1 c
5.4 Finding Exponential Models 510
Exponential Functions • Exponential Models • Domain and Range for Exponential
Models • Applications
5.5 Exponential Growth and Decay Rates and Compounding Interest 523
Exponential Growth and Decay Rates • Compounding Interest • Growth Rates and
Exponential Functions • Applications
Chapter 5 Summary 534
Chapter 5 Review Exercises 539
Chapter 5 Test 541
Chapter 5 Projects 543
6.1 Functions and Their Inverses 548
Introduction to Inverse Functions • One-to-One Functions • Applications
6.2 Logarithmic Functions 561
Definition of Logarithms • Properties of Logarithms • Change of Base Formula • Inverses •
Equivalent Logarithm and Exponential Forms • Solving Logarithmic Equations
6.3 Graphing Logarithmic Functions 570
Graphing Logarithmic Functions • Domain and Range of Logarithmic Functions
6.4 Properties of Logarithms 578
Properties of Logarithms • Simplifying and Expanding Logarithm Expressions
6.5 Solving Exponential Equations 584
Solving Exponential Equations • Compounding Interest • Applications
6.6 Solving Logarithmic Equations 596
Solving Logarithmic Equations • Applications
Chapter 6 Summary 605
Chapter 6 Review Exercises 611
Chapter 6 Test 613
Chapter 6 Projects 614
Cumulative Review Chapters 1-6 616
7.1 Rational Functions and Variation 622
Rational Functions • Direct and Inverse Variation • Domain of a Rational
Function • Applications • Vertical Asymptotes and Holes in Graphs
7.2 Simplifying Rational Expressions 638
Simplifying Rational Expressions • Long Division of Polynomials • Synthetic
Division • Relationship between Division and Factoring
7.3 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions 651
Multiplying Rational Expressions • Dividing Rational Expressions
7.4 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions 657
Least Common Denominator • Adding Rational Expressions • Subtracting Rational
Expressions • Simplifying Complex Fractions
7.5 Solving Rational Equations 668
Solving Rational Equations • Applications
Chapter 7 Summary 679
Chapter 7 Review Exercises 684
Chapter 7 Test 687
Chapter 7 Projects 688
8.1 Radical Functions 692
Relationships between Radicals and Rational Exponents • Radical Functions
That Model Data • Square Roots and Higher Roots • Simplifying Radicals • Applications
8.2 Graphing Radical Functions 705
Domain and Range of Radical Functions • Graphing Radical Functions • Odd and Even Indexes
8.3 Adding and Subtracting Radicals 715
Adding and Subtracting Radicals
8.4 Multiplying and Dividing Radicals 718
Multiplying Radicals • Dividing Radicals and Rationalizing the Denominator • Conjugates
8.5 Solving Radical Equations 729
Solving Radical Equations • Solving Radical Equations Involving more than One Square
Root • Extraneous Solution(s) • Solving Radical Equations Involving Higher-order
Roots • Applications
8.6 Complex Numbers 741
Definition of Imaginary and Complex Numbers • Operations with Complex Numbers • Solving
Equations with Complex Solutions
Chapter 8 Summary 751
Chapter 8 Review Exercises 756
Chapter 8 Test 759
Chapter 8 Projects 760
Cumulative Review Chapters 1-8 763
9.1 Parabolas and Circles 770
Introduction to Conic Sections • Revisiting Parabolas • A Geometric
Approach to Parabolas • Circles • Applications
9.2 Ellipses and Hyperbolas 791
Ellipses • Hyperbolas • Recognizing the Equations for Conic Sections • Applications
Chapter 9 Summary 805
Chapter 9 Review Exercises 809
Chapter 9 Test 811
Chapter 9 Projects 812
10.1 Arithmetic Sequences 816
Introduction to Sequences • Graphing Sequences • Arithmetic Sequences • Applications
10.2 Geometric Sequences 829
Geometric Sequences • Applications
10.3 Series 840
Introduction to Series • Arithmetic Series • Geometric Series • Applications
Chapter 10 Summary 850
Chapter 10 Review Exercises 853
Chapter 10 Test 855
Chapter 10 Projects 855
Basic Algebra Review A-1
Number Systems • Rectangular Coordinate System • Operations with Integers • Operations
with Rational Numbers • Order of Operations • Unit Conversions • Basic Solving
Techniques • Simplifying Square Roots • Interval Notation
Matrices B-1
Solving Systems of Three Equations • Matrices • Matrix Row Reduction • Solving Systems with
Matrices • Solving Systems of Three Equations to Model Quadratics
Using the Graphing Calculator C-1
Basic Keys and Calculations • Long Calculations • Converting Decimals to Fractions • Entering
Large Fractions • Absolute Values • Entering Logarithms with Different Bases • Entering
Radicals with Higher Indexes • Complex Number Calculations • Entering an Equation • Using
the Table Feature • Setting the Window • Graphing a Function • Tracing a Graph • Graphing a
Scatterplot • Graphing an Inequality with Shading • Error Messages • Additional Features • Zooming
to an Appropriate Window • Zero, Minimum, Maximum, and Intersect Features • Regression
Answers to Practice Problems D-1
Answers to Selected Exercises E-1
Index I-1
Unit Conversions REF-2
Geometric Formulas REF-3
Equation Solving Toolbox REF-4
Expression Simplifying Toolbox REF-5
Modeling Toolbox REF-6
Factoring Toolbox REF-6
1.1 Solving Linear Equations 2
Linear equations • Applications • Literal equations
1.2 Fundamentals of Graphing and Slope 19
Introduction to Graphing Equations • Linear Equations in Two Variables • The Meaning of Slope
in an Application • Graphing Lines Using Slope and Intercept
1.3 Intercepts and Graphing 41
The General Form of Lines • Intercepts and Their Meaning • Graphing Lines Using
Intercepts • Horizontal and Vertical Lines
1.4 Finding Equations of Lines 58
Equations of Lines • Parallel and Perpendicular Lines • Interpreting the Characteristics of
a Line: A Review
1.5 Functions and Function Notation 74
Relations and Functions • Vertical line test • Function Notation • Domain and Range of Functions
1.6 Using Data to Create Scatterplots 95
Using Data to Create Scatterplots • Adjusting Data • Graphical Models • Domain and Range of a
Model • Applications
1.7 Finding Linear Models 114
Using a Calculator to Create Scatterplots • Linear Models • Applications
Chapter 1 Summary 133
Chapter 1 Review Exercises 142
Chapter 1 Test 145
Chapter 1 Projects 146
Systems of Linear Equations and
Inequalities 149
2.1 Systems of Linear Equations 150
Definition of Systems • Graphical and Numerical Solutions • Types of Systems • Applications
2.2 Solving Systems of Equations Using the Substitution Method 166
Substitution Method • Consistent and Inconsistent Systems • Applications
2.3 Solving Systems of Equations Using the Elimination Method 179
Elimination Method • Applications of Systems
2.4 Solving Linear Inequalities 189
Introduction to Inequalities • Solving Inequalities • Systems as Inequalities • Solving
Inequalities Numerically and Graphically • Solving Compound Inequalities • Applications
2.5 Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities 205
Absolute Value Equations • Absolute Value Inequalities Involving “Less Than”
or “Less Than or Equal To” • Absolute Value Inequalities Involving “Greater Than”
or “Greater Than or Equal To” • Applications
2.6 Solving Systems of Linear Inequalities 220
Graphing Linear Inequalities with Two Variables • Solving Systems of Linear
Inequalities • Applications
Chapter 2 Summary 235
Chapter 2 Review Exercises 243
Chapter 2 Test 246
Chapter 2 Projects 248
Cumulative Review Chapters 1-2 250
3.1 Rules for Exponents 254
Rules for Exponents • Negative Exponents and Zero as an Exponent • Using Scientific
Notation • Rational exponents • Applications
3.2 Combining Functions 270
The Terminology of Polynomials • Degree • Adding and Subtracting Functions • Multiplying
and Dividing Functions • Applications
3.3 Composing Functions 288
Combining functions using composition • Applications
3.4 Factoring Polynomials 299
Factoring Out the GCF • Factoring by Grouping • Factoring Using the AC Method • Factoring
Using Trial and Error • Prime Polynomials
3.5 Special Factoring Techniques 312
Perfect Square Trinomials • Difference of Squares • Difference and Sum of Cubes • Multistep
Factorizations • Trinomials in Quadratic Form
Chapter 3 Summary 320
Chapter 3 Review Exercises 325
Chapter 3 Test 328
Chapter 3 Projects 330
4.1 Quadratic Functions and Parabolas 332
Introduction to Quadratic Functions and Identifying the Vertex • Identifying
a Quadratic Function • Recognizing Graphs of Quadratic Functions and Identifying the
Vertex • Applications
4.2 Graphing Quadratic Functions from Vertex Form 345
Axis of Symmetry • Vertex Form • Graphing Quadratic Functions from Vertex Form • Domain
and Range • Applications
4.3 Finding Quadratic Models 363
Quadratic Models • Domain and Range • Applications
4.4 Solving Quadratic Equations by the Square Root Property and
Completing the Square 378
Solving from Vertex Form • Square Root Property • Using the Pythagorean Theorem • The
Distance Formula • Completing the Square • Converting to Vertex Form • Graphing from
Vertex Form with x-Intercepts • Applications
4.5 Solving Equations by Factoring 399
The Product Property of Zero • Solving by Factoring • Finding a Quadratic Function from the
Graph • Solving Nonlinear Polynomial Inequalities in One Variable • Applications
4.6 Solving Quadratic Equations by Using the Quadratic Formula 417
Solving by the Quadratic Formula • Determining Which Algebraic Method to Use When Solving
a Quadratic Equation • Solving Systems of Equations Involving Quadratic Functions
4.7 Graphing Quadratic Functions from Standard Form 430
Graphing from Standard Form • Graphing Quadratic Inequalities in Two Variables • Applications
Chapter 4 Summary 444
Chapter 4 Review Exercises 457
Chapter 4 Test 461
Chapter 4 Projects 462
Cumulative Review Chapters 1-4 465
5.1 Exponential Functions: Patterns of Growth and Decay 470
Exploring Exponential Growth and Decay • Recognizing Exponential Patterns • Applications
5.2 Solving Equations Using Exponent Rules 489
Recap of the Rules for Exponents • Solving Power Equations • Solving Exponential Equations
by Inspection • Identifying Exponential Equations and Power Equations • Applications
5.3 Graphing Exponential Functions 498
Exploring Graphs of Exponentials • Domain and Range of Exponential
Functions • Exponentials of the Form f 1×2 5 a # bx 1 c
5.4 Finding Exponential Models 510
Exponential Functions • Exponential Models • Domain and Range for Exponential
Models • Applications
5.5 Exponential Growth and Decay Rates and Compounding Interest 523
Exponential Growth and Decay Rates • Compounding Interest • Growth Rates and
Exponential Functions • Applications
Chapter 5 Summary 534
Chapter 5 Review Exercises 539
Chapter 5 Test 541
Chapter 5 Projects 543
6.1 Functions and Their Inverses 548
Introduction to Inverse Functions • One-to-One Functions • Applications
6.2 Logarithmic Functions 561
Definition of Logarithms • Properties of Logarithms • Change of Base Formula • Inverses •
Equivalent Logarithm and Exponential Forms • Solving Logarithmic Equations
6.3 Graphing Logarithmic Functions 570
Graphing Logarithmic Functions • Domain and Range of Logarithmic Functions
6.4 Properties of Logarithms 578
Properties of Logarithms • Simplifying and Expanding Logarithm Expressions
6.5 Solving Exponential Equations 584
Solving Exponential Equations • Compounding Interest • Applications
6.6 Solving Logarithmic Equations 596
Solving Logarithmic Equations • Applications
Chapter 6 Summary 605
Chapter 6 Review Exercises 611
Chapter 6 Test 613
Chapter 6 Projects 614
Cumulative Review Chapters 1-6 616
7.1 Rational Functions and Variation 622
Rational Functions • Direct and Inverse Variation • Domain of a Rational
Function • Applications • Vertical Asymptotes and Holes in Graphs
7.2 Simplifying Rational Expressions 638
Simplifying Rational Expressions • Long Division of Polynomials • Synthetic
Division • Relationship between Division and Factoring
7.3 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions 651
Multiplying Rational Expressions • Dividing Rational Expressions
7.4 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions 657
Least Common Denominator • Adding Rational Expressions • Subtracting Rational
Expressions • Simplifying Complex Fractions
7.5 Solving Rational Equations 668
Solving Rational Equations • Applications
Chapter 7 Summary 679
Chapter 7 Review Exercises 684
Chapter 7 Test 687
Chapter 7 Projects 688
8.1 Radical Functions 692
Relationships between Radicals and Rational Exponents • Radical Functions
That Model Data • Square Roots and Higher Roots • Simplifying Radicals • Applications
8.2 Graphing Radical Functions 705
Domain and Range of Radical Functions • Graphing Radical Functions • Odd and Even Indexes
8.3 Adding and Subtracting Radicals 715
Adding and Subtracting Radicals
8.4 Multiplying and Dividing Radicals 718
Multiplying Radicals • Dividing Radicals and Rationalizing the Denominator • Conjugates
8.5 Solving Radical Equations 729
Solving Radical Equations • Solving Radical Equations Involving more than One Square
Root • Extraneous Solution(s) • Solving Radical Equations Involving Higher-order
Roots • Applications
8.6 Complex Numbers 741
Definition of Imaginary and Complex Numbers • Operations with Complex Numbers • Solving
Equations with Complex Solutions
Chapter 8 Summary 751
Chapter 8 Review Exercises 756
Chapter 8 Test 759
Chapter 8 Projects 760
Cumulative Review Chapters 1-8 763
9.1 Parabolas and Circles 770
Introduction to Conic Sections • Revisiting Parabolas • A Geometric
Approach to Parabolas • Circles • Applications
9.2 Ellipses and Hyperbolas 791
Ellipses • Hyperbolas • Recognizing the Equations for Conic Sections • Applications
Chapter 9 Summary 805
Chapter 9 Review Exercises 809
Chapter 9 Test 811
Chapter 9 Projects 812
10.1 Arithmetic Sequences 816
Introduction to Sequences • Graphing Sequences • Arithmetic Sequences • Applications
10.2 Geometric Sequences 829
Geometric Sequences • Applications
10.3 Series 840
Introduction to Series • Arithmetic Series • Geometric Series • Applications
Chapter 10 Summary 850
Chapter 10 Review Exercises 853
Chapter 10 Test 855
Chapter 10 Projects 855
Basic Algebra Review A-1
Number Systems • Rectangular Coordinate System • Operations with Integers • Operations
with Rational Numbers • Order of Operations • Unit Conversions • Basic Solving
Techniques • Simplifying Square Roots • Interval Notation
Matrices B-1
Solving Systems of Three Equations • Matrices • Matrix Row Reduction • Solving Systems with
Matrices • Solving Systems of Three Equations to Model Quadratics
Using the Graphing Calculator C-1
Basic Keys and Calculations • Long Calculations • Converting Decimals to Fractions • Entering
Large Fractions • Absolute Values • Entering Logarithms with Different Bases • Entering
Radicals with Higher Indexes • Complex Number Calculations • Entering an Equation • Using
the Table Feature • Setting the Window • Graphing a Function • Tracing a Graph • Graphing a
Scatterplot • Graphing an Inequality with Shading • Error Messages • Additional Features • Zooming
to an Appropriate Window • Zero, Minimum, Maximum, and Intersect Features • Regression
Answers to Practice Problems D-1
Answers to Selected Exercises E-1
Index I-1
Unit Conversions REF-2
Geometric Formulas REF-3
Equation Solving Toolbox REF-4
Expression Simplifying Toolbox REF-5
Modeling Toolbox REF-6
Factoring Toolbox REF-6