Water in Textiles and Fashion: Consumption, Footprint, and Life Cycle Assessment
Edited by Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu
Contents
Contributors ix
Editor’s Biography xiii
1 Introduction—Water 1
Senthil Kumar, P.R. Yaashikaa
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Water and its sources 2
1.3 Science of water 3
1.4 Water consumption and use 5
1.5 Water withdrawal 9
1.6 Water pollution 9
1.7 Water shortage 15
1.8 Current challenges 17
1.9 Conclusion 19
References 19
2 Water and Textiles 21
Senthil Kumar, K. Grace Pavithra
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 General process in dying industry 22
2.3 Water consumption in textiles 25
2.4 Water consumption in life cycle phases of textile products 30
2.5 Fiber production phase 33
2.6 Challenges and opportunities 35
2.7 Conclusion 38
References 38
3 Water consumption in textile processing and sustainable approaches for its conservation 41
Kartick K. Samanta, Pintu Pandit, Pratick Samanta, Santanu Basak
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Fiber, dye and process wise water requirement 43
3.3 Strategies for reduction of water consumption in textile processing 45
3.4 Textile processing using different irradiation techniques 53
3.5 Effluent generation and treatment 54
3.6 Conclusion and the future prospects 56
References 57
4 Water withdrawal and conservation—Global scenario 61
Senthil Kumar, C. Femina Carolin
4.1 Introduction 61
4.2 Water withdrawal and conservation—a global scenario 63
4.3 Global laws for water withdrawal 68
4.4 Standards for water withdrawal and consumption 69
4.5 Challenges and opportunities 70
4.6 Conclusion 72
References 73
Further reading 75
5 Water footprint management in the fashion supply chain: A review
of emerging trends and research challenges 77
Eirini Aivazidou, Naoum Tsolakis
5.1 Introduction 77
5.2 Literature background 79
5.3 Trends and challenges for water footprint management
in fashion supply chains 84
5.4 Discussion and conclusions 87
References 89
6 Water footprint in fashion and luxury industry 95
Alice Brenot, C_ecile Chuffart, Ivan Coste-Manie`re, Manon Deroche,
Eva Godat, Laura Lemoine, Mukta Ramchandani, Eleonora Sette,
Caroline Tornaire
6.1 Introduction 95
6.2 The impact of the fashion industry on water resources 97
6.3 Water awareness in luxury and fashion 99
6.4 Solutions 106
6.5 A favorable context 110
6.6 Overview of African fashion and luxury: Showing the way! 110
6.7 Conclusion and challenges 111
References 112
Further reading 112
7 Analysis of water consumption and potential savings in a cotton
textile dye house in Denizli, Turkey 115
Fatma Filiz Yıldırım, Barış Hasc¸elik, Şaban Yumru, Sema Palamutcu
7.1 Introduction 115
7.2 Literature review 118
7.3 Method 120
7.4 General findings 127
7.5 Conclusion 133
References 133
Further reading 134
8 Water conservation in textile wet processing 135
Gopalakrishnan, V. Punitha, D. Saravanan
8.1 Introduction 135
8.2 Low wet pickup techniques 135
8.3 Foam finishing 140
8.4 Cold pad batch method 142
8.5 Dyeing machines 142
8.6 Reduction of water in washing treatment 143
8.7 Solvent dyeing 143
8.8 Environmental effects and waste minimization 148
8.9 Conclusion 150
References 150
9 Water requirement and sustainability of textile processing industries 155
A.S.M. Raja, A. Arputharaj, Sujata Saxena, P.G. Patil
9.1 Introduction 155
9.2 Sustainability 156
9.3 Water availability in India 157
9.4 Water-conserving techniques for textile wet processing 161
9.5 Waterless chemical processing of textiles 167
9.6 Conclusion 170
References 171
10 Advances in the sustainable technologies for water conservation in textile industries 175
Luqman Jameel Rather, Salman Jameel, Ovas Ahmad Dar,
Showkat Ali Ganie, Khursheed Ahmad Bhat, Faqeer Mohammad
10.1 Introduction 175
10.2 Importance of water conservation in textiles 176
10.3 Sustainable strategies for water conservation in textiles 180
10.4 Challenges and opportunities for textiles and fashion 188
10.5 Conclusion 189
Acknowledgments 189
References 189
Further reading 194
Index 195