Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Infrastructure Applications
Edited by Ravi Jain and Luke Lee
Contents
1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………….. 1
Luke Lee, Ravi Jain, Larry Stephenson, and Christina Ramirez
2 Sustainability in Infrastructure Design ……………………………………….. 23
Hector Estrada, Delicia H. Borja, and Luke Lee
Part I Durability and Service Life
3 Environmental Degradation of Interlaminar Shear
Strength in Carbon/Epoxy Composites ……………………………………….. 55
Avinash Reddy Akepati, Abilash R. Nair, Samit Roy,
Anwarul Haque, Piyush K. Dutta, and Ashok Kumar
4 Predicting Hygrothermal Degradation of Composites in Accelerated Testing ……………………………………….. 77
Jonathan Trovillion
5 Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation and Condensation
on Static and Dynamic Compressive Behavior
of Nanophased Glass/Epoxy Composites ……………………………………… 91
Shaik Zainuddin, Mahesh Hosur, Ashok Kumar, and Shaik Jeelani
6 FRP Reinforced Concrete Exposed to Elevated Temperatures:
The Role of Viscosity on Bond Strength ………………………………………. 113
Mohamed A. Faruqi, Hector Estrada, Claudia Gonzalez-Liendo, and Joseph O. Sai
7 Impact Resistance of FRP Panels ………………………………………………… 123
Kiang Hwee Tan
Part II Applications
8 Steel-Free Bridge Decks Reinforced with FRP Composites …………… 143
Lijuan Cheng
9 Load Testing and Load Distribution of Fiber Reinforced,
Polymer Strengthened Bridges: Multi-year, Post
Construction/Post Retrofit Performance Evaluation …………………….. 163
John J. Myers, David Holdener, and Wesley Merkle
10 The Utilization of Recycled Thermoplastic Composites
for Civil and Military Load Bearing Applications ………………………… 193
Thomas J. Nosker, Jennifer K. Lynch, and Richard G. Lampo
11 Structural Response, Health Monitoring, and Performance
Evaluation of CFRP Post-Tensioned, In-Service,
Long-Span, Precast/Prestressed Box Girder Bridges ……………………. 219
Manoochehr Zoghi, Patrick Plews, and Dean C. Foster
12 Life-Cycle Cost Comparison for Steel Reinforced Concrete and Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bridge Decks ………… 237
Brent Kawahara, Hector Estrada, and Luke S. Lee
Abbreviations ……………………………………………………………………………………. 275
Index …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 279
Preface
This book was made possible by the exceptional support provided by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL), and University of the Pacific School of Engineering and Computer Science.
The authors, as listed in this book, took the time to prepare excellent manuscripts focusing on various issues related to fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for infrastructure applications. The authors specifically focused on innovation, technology implementation, and sustainability concepts. These manuscripts were rigorously reviewed and refereed by scientists and engineers knowledgeable in the field before inclusion in this book. An introductory chapter was prepared to provide an overview on the main topics and to integrate technical issues covered in the book.
FRP composites are increasingly being considered for major infrastructure components or systems; this is particularly true when there is a need to upgrade, strengthen, or provide seismic retrofit to existing structures. The lightweight, high strength, high stiffness, and corrosion resistant characteristics of FRPs have motivated engineers and scientists to explore their application to complex infrastructure systems. There are, however, crucial issues related to environment and sustainability: theses concepts are covered in this book as well.
The editors are most grateful to the contributors, sponsor organizations, and the many colleagues who were kind enough to assist in making this book possible. We are particularly grateful to Dr. Ashok Kumar, Dr. Larry Stephenson, and Ms. Debbie Lawrence (CERL) for providing general guidance and direction for the book and to Ms. Deanna Thompson and Ms. Mickie Sundberg (University of the Pacific) for assisting with managing organizing and editing the book manuscript. Background information about the editors and contributors to this book is provided in the following pages.
University of the Pacific, California, USA Ravi K. Jain and Luke Lee
Contributors
Avinash Reddy Akepati Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics , University of Alabama , 209 Hardaway Hall, 7th Ave., Tuscaloosa , AL 35487 , USA, avinash@vt.edu
Delicia H. Borja School of Engineering and Computer Science , University of the Pacific , 3601 Pacific Ave. Stockton , CA 95211 , USA , d_borja@u.pacific.edu
Lijuan Cheng Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA , dawcheng@ucdavis.edu
Piyush K. Dutta Dutta Technologies Inc. , 4810 Euginea Drive, Palm Beach Gardens , FL 33418 , USA , pkdutta@aol.com
Hector Estrada Department of Civil Engineering , University of the Pacific , 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton , CA 95211 , USA, hestrada@pacific.edu
Mohamed A. Faruqi Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering , Texas A & M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA, m-faruqi@tamuk.edu
Dean C. Foster Composite & Hybrid Materials Branch , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , OH 45433-7750 , USA , dean.foster@wpafb.af.mil
Claudia Gonzalez-Liendo Texas Department of Transportation, 1817 Bob Bullock Loop, Laredo, TX 78040, USA , CGONZALE@dot.state.tx.us
Anwarul Haque Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics , University of Alabama , 209 Hardaway Hall, 7th Ave., Tuscaloosa , AL 35487 , USA, ahaque@eng.ua.edu
David Holdener Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering , Missouri University of Science and Technology , 325 Butler Carlton Hall, 1401 North Pine Street, Rolla , MO 65409 , USA, holdener@umr.edu
Mahesh Hosur Center for Advanced Materials , Tuskegee University , 1200 W. Montgomery Rd., Tuskegee Inst , Tuskegee , AL 36088 , USA, hosur@tuskegee.edu
Larry Stephenson US Army ERDC-CERL , 2902 Newmark Dr., Champaign , IL 61826 , USA, larry.d.stephenson@usace.army.mil
Kiang Hwee Tan Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering , National University of Singapore , Block E1A, #07-03, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore, cvetankh@nus.edu.sg
Jonathan Trovillion US Army Engineer Research and Development Center – Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL) , PO Box 9005 , Champaign , IL 61826 , USA , jonathan.c.trovillion@usace.army.mil
Shaik Zainuddin Center for Advanced Materials , Tuskegee University , 1200 W. Montgomery Rd., Tuskegee Inst, Tuskegee , AL 36088 , USA , szainuddin@mytu.tuskegee.edu
Manoochehr Zoghi Lyles College of Engineering , California State University, Fresno , 2320 East San Ramon Ave., M/S EE94, Fresno , CA 93740 , USA, mzoghi@ csufresno.edu