ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, Tenth Edition
By Deborah Riebe, Jonathan K. Ehrman, Gary Liguori and Meir Magal
Contents:
1. Benefits and Risks Associated with Physical Activity
Introduction
Physical Activity and Fitness Terminology
Public Health Perspective for Current Recommendations
Sedentary Behavior and Health
Health Benefits of Regular Physical Activity and Exercise
Health Benefits of Improving Muscular Fitness
Risks Associated with Physical Activity and Exercise
Exercise-Related Musculoskeletal Injury
Sudden Cardiac Death Among Young Individuals
Exercise-Related Cardiac Events in Adults
Exercise Testing and the Risk of Cardiac Events
Risks of Cardiac Events during Cardiac Rehabilitation
Prevention of Exercise-Related Cardiac Events
Online Resources
References
2. Exercise Preparticipation Health Screening
Introduction
Preparticipation Health Screening
Self-Guided Methods
American College of Sports Medicine Preparticipation Screening Algorithm
Algorithm Components
Using the Algorithm
Risk Stratification for Patients in Cardiac Rehabilitation and Medical Fitness
Facilities
Summary
Online Resources
References
3. Preexercise Evaluation
Introduction
Informed Consent
Medical History and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Assessment
Physical Examination and Laboratory Tests
Blood Pressure
Lipids and Lipoproteins
Blood Profile Analyses
Pulmonary Function
Participant Instructions
Online Resources
References
4. Health-Related Physical Fitness Testing and Interpretation
Introduction
Purposes of Health-Related Physical Fitness Testing
Basic Principles and Guidelines
Pretest Instructions
Test Organization
Test Environment
A Comprehensive Health Fitness Evaluation
Measurement of Resting Heart Rate and Blood Pressure
Body Composition
Anthropometric Methods
Densitometry
Other Techniques
Body Composition Norms
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
The Concept of Maximal Oxygen Uptake
Maximal versus Submaximal Exercise Testing
Cardiorespiratory Test Sequence and Measures
Test Termination Criteria
Modes of Testing
Interpretation of Results
Muscular Fitness
Rationale
Principles
Muscular Strength
Muscular Endurance
Flexibility
Online Resources
References
5. Clinical Exercise Testing and Interpretation
Introduction
Indications for a Clinical Exercise Test
Conducting the Clinical Exercise Test
Testing Staff
Testing Mode and Protocol
Monitoring and Test Termination
Postexercise
Safety
Interpreting the Clinical Exercise Test
Heart Rate Response
Blood Pressure Response
Rate-Pressure Product
Electrocardiogram
Symptoms
Exercise Capacity
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Maximal versus Peak Cardiorespiratory Stress
Diagnostic Value of Exercise Testing for the Detection of Ischemic Heart
Disease
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Value
Clinical Exercise Test Data and Prognosis
Clinical Exercise Tests with Imaging
Field Walking Tests
Online Resources
References
6. General Principles of Exercise Prescription
An Introduction to the Principles of Exercise Prescription
General Considerations for Exercise Prescription
Components of the Exercise Training Session
Aerobic (Cardiorespiratory Endurance) Exercise
Frequency of Exercise
Intensity of Exercise
Exercise Time (Duration)
Type (Mode)
Exercise Volume (Quantity)
Rate of Progression
Muscular Fitness
Frequency of Resistance Exercise
Types of Resistance Exercises
Volume of Resistance Exercise (Sets and Repetitions)
Resistance Exercise Technique
Progression/Maintenance
Flexibility Exercise (Stretching)
Types of Flexibility Exercises
Volume of Flexibility Exercise (Time, Repetitions, and Frequency)
Neuromotor Exercise
Sedentary Behavior and Brief Activity Breaks
Exercise Program Supervision
Online Resources
References
7. Exercise Prescription for Healthy Populations with Special
Considerations
Children and Adolescents
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Online Resources
Low Back Pain
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Older Adults
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations for Exercise Programming
Online Resources
Pregnancy
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Online Resources
References
8. Environmental Considerations for Exercise Prescription
Exercise in High-Altitude Environments
Medical Considerations: Altitude Illnesses
Prevention and Treatment of Altitude Sickness
Rapid Ascent
Altitude Acclimatization
Assessing Individual Altitude Acclimatization Status
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Organizational Planning
Exercise in Cold Environments
Medical Considerations: Cold Injuries
Clothing Considerations
Exercise Prescription
Exercise in Hot Environments
Counteracting Dehydration
Medical Considerations: Exertional Heat Illnesses
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Online Resources
References
9 Exercise Prescription for Patients with Cardiac, Peripheral,
Cerebrovascular, and Pulmonary Disease
Introduction
Cardiac Diseases
Inpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs
Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation
Patients with Heart Failure
Patients with a Sternotomy
Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
Patients after Cardiac Transplantation
Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease
Exercise Prescription for Patients with a Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Exercise Training Considerations
Other Considerations
Exercise Training for Return to Work
Pulmonary Diseases
Asthma
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Exercise Training for Pulmonary Diseases Other than Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Online Resources
References
10. Exercise Prescription for Individuals with Metabolic Disease and
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Introduction
Diabetes Mellitus
Benefits of Regular Physical Activity for Diabetes
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Online Resources
Dyslipidemia
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Consideration
Online Resources
Hypertension
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Online Resources
Metabolic Syndrome
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription/Special Considerations
Online Resources
Overweight and Obesity
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Bariatric Surgery
Online Resources
References
11 Exercise Testing and Prescription for Populations with Other Chronic
Diseases and Health Conditions
Introduction
Arthritis
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Online Resources
Cancer
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Online Resources
Cerebral Palsy
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Online Resources
Fibromyalgia
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Online Resources
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Online Resources
Intellectual Disability and Down Syndrome
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Special Considerations for Individuals with Down Syndrome
Online Resources
Kidney Disease
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Online Resources
Multiple Sclerosis
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Online Resources
Osteoporosis
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Online Resources
Parkinson Disease
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Online Resources
Spinal Cord Injury
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
Online Resources
Multiple Chronic Diseases and Health Conditions
Exercise Testing
Exercise Prescription
Special Considerations
References
12. Behavioral Theories and Strategies for Promoting Exercise
Introduction
Exercise Prescription
Frequency/Time
Intensity
Type
Theoretical Foundations for Understanding Exercise Behavior
Social Cognitive Theory
Transtheoretical Model
Health Belief Model
Self-Determination Theory
Theory of Planned Behavior
Social Ecological Models
Decreasing Barriers to Physical Activity
Cognitive and Behavioral Strategies for Increasing Physical Activity
Behavior
Enhancing Self-Efficacy
Goal Setting
Reinforcement
Social Support
Self-Monitoring
Problem Solving
Relapse Prevention
Theoretical Strategies and Approaches to Increase Exercise Adoption and
Adherence
Brief Counseling and Motivational Interviewing
Stage of Change Tailored Counseling
Group Leader Interactions
Special Populations
Cultural Diversity
Older Adults
Youth
Individuals with Obesity
Individuals with Chronic Diseases and Health Conditions
Online Resources
References
Appendix A Common Medications
Appendix B Emergency Risk Management
Appendix C Electrocardiogram Interpretation
Appendix D American College of Sports Medicine Certifications
Appendix E Accreditation of Exercise Science Programs