Addiction Treatment: A Strengths Perspective, Fourth Edition
By Katherine van Wormer and Diane Rae Davis
Contents:
Preface ix
PART 1 Introduction 1
CHAPTER 1
The Nature of Addiction 3
What is Addiction? 5
Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Model 12
Prevalence of Substance Misuse 15
The Grip of Addiction 16
The Strengths Perspective 18
Themes in Recovery 21
Finding the Strengths in Divergent Models 27
Harm Reduction and the Strengths Approach 29
Empirical Research 32
Treatment Trends 41
The Unique Context of U.S. Substance Abuse Treatment 44
Social Determinants of Health 47
Summary and Conclusion 48
CHAPTER 2
Historical Perspectives 51
Early use and Misuse of Intoxicants 53
The European Context 55
Colonial America 56
Prohibition of Alcohol 61
Marijuana Control Efforts 65
Modern War on Drugs 66
History of Gambling and its Treatment 69
History of Addiction Treatment 71
Summary and Conclusion 85
PART 2 The Biology of Addiction 89
CHAPTER 3
Substance Misuse, Dependence, and the Body 91
Properties of Alcohol and Other Drugs 92
Consumption Levels Worldwide 95
Alcohol and Good Health 97
Properties of Alcohol 98
E-Cigarettes 118
Metabolism 124
The Brain and Addiction 128
Medical Consequences of Substance Misuse 141
Summary and Conclusion 148
CHAPTER 4
Substance Misuse with a Co-Occurring Mental Disorder
or Disability 151
Introduction 151
Substance Misuse and Mental Disorders 155
Mutual Help Groups 182
Substance Misuse and Developmental, Physical,
and Cognitive Disabilities 183
Summary and Conclusion 190
CHAPTER 5
Gambling, Eating Disorders, Shopping, and Other
Introduction 191
Gambling Disorder 194
Eating Disorders 211
Psychosocial Aspects 213
DSM Diagnoses 214
Shopping or Spending Addiction 225
Hoarding Disorder 227
Lost in Cyberspace 228
Are Facebook and Texting Addictive? 230
Sex Addiction 231
Cognitive Therapy and the Strengths Perspective 233
Summary and Conclusion 241
PART 3 The Psychology of Addiction 243
CHAPTER 6
Addiction Across the Life Span 245
The Stages of Growth and Development 246
Teenage Drinking and Using 247
The Extent of Substance Use in the United States 249
The Business Side of Youth Addiction 251
Prevention of Substance Misuse in Teens 265
Gender-Specific Programming for Girls 273
Addiction Problems in Middle Adulthood 274
Substance-Using Women from American Indian Backgrounds 277
Substance Use Among Women at Midlife 279
Addiction Problems Among Older Adults 280
Prevention of Relapse 287
Spiritual Healing 290
Summary and Conclusion 293
CHAPTER 7
Screening and Assessment 295
Introduction 295
Screening Instruments and Strategies 297
Assessment Tools 300
Assessing Levels of Care 302
Assessment of Persons with Co-Occurring Disorders (COD) 303
Screening and Assessment of Older Adults 307
Diagnosing Addiction Problems 309
Assessment and the Strength Perspective 310
Summary and Conclusions 312
CHAPTER 8
Strengths- and Evidence-Based Helping Strategies 313
Introduction 314
Harm Reduction 316
Motivational Interviewing 328
Solution-Focused Therapy 333
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 337
Group Therapy 345
Traditional Treatment at the Crossroads 348
Summary and Conclusion 351
CHAPTER 9
Mutual Help Groups and Spiritual/Religious Resources 353
Introduction 353
Mutual Help Groups 354
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) 355
AA in the Community Versus 12-Step Facilitation
in Treatment Programs 358
How Does AA Really Work? 362
Gamblers Anonymous 372
Other 12-Step Groups 374
Other Mutual-Support Groups 375
Addiction, Spirituality, and Religion 380
Summary and Conclusion 386
PART 4 The Social Aspects of Addiction 389
CHAPTER 10
Family Risks and Resiliencies 391
Classic Family Systems Therapy 394
Modern Developments 400
Family Adaptation to Addiction 401
Wegscheider’s Role Theory 402
Some Modern Treatment Models 406
Stages of Change and Family Treatment 407
Work with Families in Which There Are Co-Occurring Disorders 418
In Situations of Domestic Violence 418
Cultural Considerations 419
Healing 424
Exercises for Family Groups 426
Summary and Conclusion 429
CHAPTER 11
Ethnicity, Culture, and the Socioeconomic
Determinants of Addiction 431
Introduction 431
Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders 440
American Indians and Alaskan Natives 447
Hispanics 456
African Americans 462
Gambling 464
Summary and Conclusion 472
CHAPTER 12
Gender, Sexual, and Sexual Orientation Differences 473
Introduction 473
Gender Differences 475
Substance Abuse Counseling and Sexual Orientation 495
Summary and Conclusion 505
CHAPTER 13
Public Policy 507
Welfare Reform 508
Policies Pertaining to the Treatment Profession 509
The War on Drugs 512
Mandatory Sentencing 514
Civil Asset Forfeitures 516
Drug-Free Zones 517
The Punishment of Pregnant Drug Users 518
Harm Reduction 521
Steps Toward Legalization of Marijuana 523
Treatment Developments 527
Policies Related to Gambling 528
Some Positive Steps Toward Harm Reduction 530
Summary and Conclusion 531
Appendix: Resources 533
References 536
Index 625