Protective Textiles from Natural Resources (The Textile Institute Book Series)
By Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
Contents:
List of contributors xvii
About the editor xxv
Preface xxvii
Part One Protective textile materials 1
1 Introduction to protective textiles 3
Kunal Singha, Subhankar Maity, Pintu Pandit and Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Protective textiles an overview 5
1.3 Materials for the manufacture of protective textiles from natural resources 7
1.4 Manufacturing techniques of protective clothing from natural resources 11
1.5 Antibacterial, antiviral protective textiles 18
1.6 Protective masks manufactured from natural resources 24
1.7 Nuclear and radiological protective clothing 27
1.8 Spacesuits for protection and thermal comfort 28
1.9 Protective clothing for civilian and specialist industrial workers 32
1.10 Chemical protective clothing (CPC) 33
1.11 Fire/flame-retardant apparel 34
1.12 Ballistic protection 34
1.13 Conclusion 34
1.14 Future scope of protective textiles 35
References 35
2 Protective medical textiles for patients and health professionals 39
Joykrishna Saha, Firoz Ahmed, Sharif Tasnim Mahmud and Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
2.1 Introduction 40
2.2 Different types of protective medical textiles 43
2.3 Antimicrobial agents for personal protective equipment 48
2.4 Manufacturing process 52
2.5 Selection of nonwoven fabrics for medical protective clothing 55
2.6 Regulations and recommendations for personal protective equipment in the healthcare sector 59
2.7 Recent development 63
2.8 Reuse and recycling of protective medical textiles (biodegradability/disposable materials, cleaning, sterilizing, etc.) 64
2.9 Conclusion 66
2.10 Challenges and future perspectives 66
References 67
3 Nanomaterial-based smart and sustainable protective textiles 75
Md. Nahid Pervez, Md. Yousuf Hossain, Md. Eman Talukder,
Ashik Md. Faisal, K.M. Faridul Hasan, Moyinul Islam, Firoz Ahmed,
Yingjie Cai, George K. Stylios, Vincenzo Naddeo and Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
3.1 Introduction 76
3.2 Protective textiles 77
3.3 Nanomaterial-based protective textiles 91
3.4 Environmental implications 103
3.5 Conclusion 104
3.6 Challenges and future perspectives 105
Acknowledgements 105
References 106
4 Protective textiles from the past and for the modern age 113
Dhanalakshmi Vadivel and Daniele Dondi
4.1 Introduction 113
4.2 Natural fibres from the past: what we have lost and what we need to forget 114
4.3 Modern textiles 120
4.4 The case of waterproof materials 124
4.5 Eco-friendly textiles 124
4.6 Modern green treatments of textiles 126
4.7 Conclusion 127
4.8 Future perspectives 127
References 127
5 The concept of biomimetics in the development of protective textiles 133
Ali Maghsoudian, Samira Alvani, Roxana Moaref, Seifollah Jamalpour, Yousef Tamsilian and Alireza Kiasat
5.1 Introduction 134
5.2 Principles of biomimetic protective textiles 137
5.3 Applications of biomimetic protective textiles 149
5.4 Development models of biomimetic protective textiles technology 163
5.5 Conclusion 164
5.6 Future outlook 165
References 165
6 The limitations of natural resources in the use of medical and protective textiles 175
Shokoh Parham, Anousheh Zargar Kharazi and Hadi Nur
6.1 Introduction 176
6.2 Natural resources of textiles 177
6.3 Medical and protective textiles 178
6.4 Antimicrobial textile nanocomposite 182
6.5 Antimicrobial mechanisms 187
6.6 Conclusions 190
6.7 Future research trends 190
Acknowledgements 191
References 191
Part Two Microbial (viruses, bacteria and fungi) protective textiles 197
7 Microbial (viruses, bacteria and fungi) protective personal clothing 199
Tarek Abou Elmaaty, Khaled Sayed-Ahmed and Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
7.1 Introduction 200
7.2 Microorganisms: bacteria, viruses and fungi 200
7.3 Infectious, nosocomial diseases, pandemics and the need for microbial protective personal clothing 201
7.4 Infectious agents: bacteria and viruses, their nature and adhesion to textiles 202
7.5 Strategies used for personal protection against infectious agents 204
7.6 Antimicrobial and antiviral finishing techniques 209
7.7 Antimicrobial and antiviral personal protective clothing 213
7.8 Methods used to fix the natural antimicrobials to textiles, while maintaining breathability 214
7.9 Activity of biofunctionalized textiles against viruses and bacteria using antimicrobial agents from natural resources 215
7.10 Cytotoxicity of antimicrobial and antiviral agents used in textile finishing 216
7.11 Mechanism of antiviral and antimicrobial activity 216
7.12 Antiviral and antimicrobial test methods 217
7.13 Conclusion 217
7.14 Future scope/prospective 217
References 218
8 COVID-19 protective textiles for breathable face masks 227
Jingan Li, Yachen Hou, Xueqi Zhang, Peiduo Tong,
Zhonghua Xue and Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
8.1 Introduction 227
8.2 Information on COVID-19 230
8.3 Available COVID-19 protective commodities 232
8.4 The standard requirements of COVID-19 protective commodities 233
8.5 COVID-19 protective textiles for breathable face masks 234
8.6 The advantages of medical protective textiles obtained from natural resources (PTNR) 237
8.7 The crucial technology of PTNR for breathable face masks to prevent COVID-19 transmission 238
8.8 Conclusion 241
8.9 Information for new sources of further advice 241
Acknowledgements 242
References 242
9 Advances on virucidal textile coatings 249
Guilherme Bedeschi Calais, Rogério Aparecido Bataglioli,
Emanuelle Dantas de Freitas, Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal and
Marisa Masumi Beppu
9.1 Introduction 250
9.2 Pathogenic viruses and their mode of action 252
9.3 Virucidal agents and inactivation mechanisms 258
9.4 Methods for virucidal textile preparation 263
9.5 Virucidal textile application 268
9.6 Conclusions 277
9.7 Challenges and outlook 277
Acknowledgement 278
References 279
Part Three Protection against different agencies and
applications 293
10 High-performance thermal and cold protective clothing 295
Yekta Karaduman and Nesrin Sahbaz Karaduman
10.1 Introduction 296
10.2 Thermal protective textiles 296
10.3 Cold protective textiles 302
10.4 Conclusion 313
References 313
11 Protective smart textiles for sportswear 317
Raana Aali Mohammadi, Mahsa Shirazi, Roxana Moaref,
Seifollah Jamalpour, Yousef Tamsilian and Alireza Kiasat
11.1 Introduction 318
11.2 Smart textile materials for protection 319
11.3 Functions of smart textiles 322
11.4 Innovations in smart textiles 326
11.5 Smart textiles for sportswear 328
11.6 Smart textiles for human safety 336
11.7 Conclusions 338
11.8 Outlook and future trends 338
References 339
12 Waterproof breathable fabrics and suits 347
Subhankar Maity, Vinay Chauhan and Pintu Pandit
12.1 Introduction 348
12.2 Classifications of breathable fabrics 349
12.3 Densely woven fabrics 350
12.4 Microporous membranes and coatings 351
12.5 Electrospinning 354
12.6 Hydrophilic membranes 357
12.7 Hydrophobic membranes 358
12.8 Combination of microporous hydrophobic and hydrophilic membranes 360
12.9 Printing of retroreflective microbeads 360
12.10 Smart breathable fabrics based on shape memory polymers (SMPs) 360
12.11 Smart breathable fabrics based on phase change materials (PCMs) 361
12.12 Fabric based on biomimetics 362
12.13 Waterproof breathable suits 364
12.14 Characterization of waterproof breathable fabrics 367
12.15 Conclusion 373
References 373
13 Breathable and adaptive thermo-responsive personal protective clothing 377
Shaolan Sun, Lei Nie, Ningning Yang, Oseweuba Valentine Okoro and Amin Shavandi
13.1 Introduction 377
13.2 State of the art on breathable and adaptive thermo-sensitive PPC 379
13.3 Related technologies of breathable and adaptive thermo-sensitive PPC 381
13.4 Conclusions 389
13.5 Future outlook 390
References 392
14 Ultraviolet-blocking protective textiles 395
Md. Saifur Rahman, Jahangir Alom, Ashis Sutradhar Nitai,
Md. Saif Hasan, Mohammad Boshir Ahmed, Sunghyun Nam and
Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
14.1 Introduction 396
14.2 Effects of UV on the human body 398
14.3 Various parameters for UV-protective textile fabrics 402
14.4 Various techniques for blocking UV using textiles 407
14.5 Impacts of different textile factors 419
14.6 Eco-friendly materials for the finishing of UV-protective textiles 427
14.7 Conclusions 431
14.8 Future trends and perspectives 431
References 432
15 Natural fibre-based protective textiles for noise reduction applications 445
Xiaoning Tang, Deshan Cheng, Xueting Liu, Guangming Cai
and Shangyong Zhang
15.1 Introduction 445
15.2 Natural fibrous materials 447
15.3 Theoretical foundation and measurements 451
15.4 Structural design of natural fibrous materials 456
15.5 Conclusion 462
15.6 Future perspective 462
References 463
16 Protective textiles from natural resources for electromagnetic shielding 469
Diana Andreea Blaj, Razvan Rotaru and Cristian Peptu
16.1 Introduction 469
16.2 Electromagnetic shielding e theoretical basics 472
16.3 Measurement of the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness 476
16.4 Materials with electromagnetic shielding properties 478
16.5 Conclusions 503
16.6 Future perspectives 503
Acknowledgements 504
References 504
17 Fibre-based wearable electronic technology for personal protective clothing 511
Elwathig A.M. Hassan, Mutasim Abdalla Ahmed, Shu Zhu and Omer Kamal Alebeid
17.1 Introduction 512
17.2 Working environment and protective clothing 513
17.3 Material design and fabrication strategies 515
17.4 Wearable devices for personal protective clothing 518
17.5 Characterization of e-textiles 538
17.6 Advantages and disadvantages of natural renewable textiles 538
17.7 Conclusions 539
17.8 Future studies 539
References 540
18 Nuclear and radiological protective clothing 549
Nazia Rahman, Nirmal Chandra Dafader, M. Shamsuzzaman and Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
18.1 Introduction 550
18.2 Types and characteristics of ionizing radiation 551
18.3 Exposure to ionizing radiation 554
18.4 Conventional interactions of ionizing radiation with biological matter 556
18.5 Health effects of ionizing radiation 558
18.6 Occupational nuclear and radiological hazards 562
18.7 Protection from ionizing radiation 564
18.8 Protective clothing and other personal protective equipment against ionizing radiation 569
18.9 Recent developments of protective clothing against ionizing radiation 575
18.10 Some commercial products available in the market for protection against ionizing radiation 577
18.11 Electromagnetic nonionizing radiation 580
18.12 Protective clothing against electromagnetic nonionizing radiation 581
18.13 Conclusions 582
18.14 Future perspective 582
References 583
19 Spacesuits for protection and thermal comfort 587
Melkie Getnet Tadesse and Molla Tadesse Abate
19.1 Introduction 588
19.2 Basics of a spacesuit 588
19.3 Spacesuits garments as protective clothing 595
19.4 Thermal comfort 596
19.5 Thermoregulation and insulating mechanisms of a spacesuit 602
19.6 Physiological design of a spacesuit 603
19.7 Human thermoregulation model for a spacesuit 604
19.8 Conclusions 606
19.9 Future perspective 606
References 606
20 Protective clothing for firefighters and rescue workers 611
Mohammad Asif, Chandra Kala, Sadaf Jamal Gilani,
Syed Sarim Imam, Mohamad Taleuzzaman, Sultan Alshehri and Najam Ali Khan
20.1 Introduction 612
20.2 Components of firefighters’ and rescue workers’ protective clothing 614
20.3 Factors affecting the selection of the fabric for fire protective clothing 615
20.4 Characterization technique to determine the thermal behaviour of fabric 620
20.5 Chemical modification to impart flame retardance/resistance to the fibre 622
20.6 Approaches to create firefighting clothing through natural resources 625
20.7 Related standard specifications 637
20.8 Conclusion 642
Acknowledgements 642
References 642
21 Chemical and biological protective textiles 649
Toni Jefferson Lopes, Gilber Ricardo Rosa, Gerson Avelino Fernandes,
Carla Weber Scheeren, Afonso Henrique da Silva J_unior and Manoel Leonardo Martins
21.1 Introduction 650
21.2 Contamination agents 651
21.3 Chemical protection fabrics 663
21.4 Biological protection fabrics 668
21.5 Application example case studies 678
21.6 Conclusions and future perspectives 680
References 681
22 Protective textiles in defence and ballistic protective clothing 689
Kadir Bilisik and Md Syduzzaman
22.1 Introduction 690
22.2 Classification of ballistic protection materials 691
22.3 Materials used for ballistic protection 693
22.4 Protective finishes 720
22.5 Threat and protection 722
22.6 Factors affecting ballistic protection performance 728
22.7 Performance evaluation methods 732
22.8 Computational modelling and simulation of ballistic performance 734
22.9 Conclusion 734
22.10 Challenges and future trends 735
References 736
23 Protective clothing for civilian and specialist industrial workers 751
Juana Alvarado-Ibarra and Heidy Burrola-N_u~nez
23.1 Introduction 751
23.2 Fabrics from natural resources for protection 753
23.3 New technologies for protective clothes 761
23.4 Environmental and workplace conditions 765
23.5 Conclusions 765
23.6 Future trends 766
References 766
Part Four Test and management of protective textiles 771
24 Processing techniques and test methods of protective textiles 773
Mathew Adefusika Adekoya, Abel Inobeme, Chinyere
Charity Ezeanya-Bakpa, Yusuf Babatunde Lawal and Alex Ikechukwu Ajai
24.1 Introduction 774
24.2 Processing of protective textiles 776
24.3 Specialized technique for protective textile manufacturing 780
24.4 Test methods for parameters in protective textiles 781
24.5 Conclusion 789
24.6 Future trends 789
References 789
25 Care, maintenance and disposability of medical and protective textile products 793
Asit Baran Samui, Pankaj E. Hande and Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
25.1 Introduction 796
25.2 Cleaning of textile materials 798
25.3 Cleaning of medical and protective clothing 803
25.4 Necessity of cleaning to protect fabrics and health 804
25.5 Care and maintenance of medical and protective textiles 805
25.6 Green cleaning approaches 818
25.7 Environmental impact and health hazards of cleaning agents 820
25.8 Standards for care and maintenance of medical and protective textiles 823
25.9 Storage of clothing and precautions 827
25.10 Problems encountered during storage 829
25.11 Disposability of medical and protective textiles products 830
25.12 Conclusions 832
25.13 Future perspectives and key challenges 832
References 834
26 Safety, health and environmental aspects of protective textiles 839
Saber Amiri, Zahra Motalebi Moghanjougi,
Narmin Nezamdoost-Sani and Mahmoud Rezazadeh-Bari
26.1 Introduction 840
26.2 Personal protective equipment (PPE) 841
26.3 Health, safety and environmental effects 854
26.4 Green chemistry in textiles 859
26.5 Standards of protective clothing 868
26.6 Conclusions 871
26.7 Future scope/perspective 871
References 872
Index 881