Traffic and Pavement Engineering
By Ghazi G. Al-Khateeb
Contents:
Author’s Bio …………………………………………………………………..xi
Acknowledgments…………………………………………………….. xiii
PART I Traffic Engineering
Chapter 1 Terminology, Concepts, and Theory…………………………………………………………………. 3
Chapter 2 Characteristics of Driver, Vehicle, and Roadway………………………………………………… 5
Chapter 3 Traffic Flow Theory and Models ……………………………………………………………………. 19
Chapter 4 Highway Capacity and Level of Service ………………………………………………………….. 83
Chapter 5 Intersection Design, Operation, and Control ………………………………………………….. 151
Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers for Chapter 1: Terminology, Concepts, and Theory…………………………………………………………………………… 197
PART II Pavement Materials, Analysis, and Design
Chapter 6 Terminology ………………………………………………………..209
Chapter 7 Important Properties of Subgrade, Subbase, and Base Materials………………………. 211
Chapter 8 Superpave Aggregate Properties and Criteria…………………………………………………. 237
Chapter 9 Superpave Asphalt Binder Properties and Specifcations ………………………………….249
Chapter 10 Superpave Gyratory Compaction …………………………………………………………………..277
Chapter 11 Superpave Mixture Design Method ………………………………………………………………. 301
Chapter 12 Volumetric Analysis of Asphalt Mixtures (Marshall and Superpave) ………………… 319
Chapter 13 Design and Analysis of Asphalt Pavements……………………………………………………. 375
Chapter 14 Design and Analysis of Rigid Pavements………………………………………………………..487
Multiple Choice Questions and Answers for Chapter 6: Terminology, Concepts, and Theory…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 529
References……………………………………………………………………… 553
Index ………………………………………………………………………………. 555
Preface:
This book, comprising of two volumes and encompassing a total of fve parts, is the outcome of a great deal of effort and time spent over the years in studying and teaching at outstanding academic institutes like Jordan University of Science and Technology, Applied Science University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the American University of Sharjah, and the University of Sharjah, and in conducting advanced scientifc research at some of the highly recognized research centers worldwide like the Advanced Transportation Research and Engineering Laboratory (ATREL) at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign, the Federal Highway Administration’s Turner- Fairbank Highway Research Center (TFHRC), advanced research labs at Jordan University of Science and Technology and the Advanced Pavement Research Lab at the University of Sharjah.
The book implements a unique kind of approach and categorizes transportation engineering topics into fve major key areas, as shown below:
• Volume I: Traffic and Pavement Engineering
• Part I “Traffic Engineering” deals with the functional part of transportation systems and introduces engineering techniques, practices, and models that are applied to design traffic systems, control traffic flow and movement, and construct proper roads and highways to achieve safe and efficient movement of people and traffic on roadways.
• Part II “Pavement Materials, Analysis, and Design” deals with both the structural and functional parts of transportation facilities and introduces engineering techniques and principles of the uses of high-quality and sustainable materials that are employed to design, maintain, and construct asphalt-surfaced road pavements and concrete rigid pavements. The ultimate goal of pavement engineering is to provide a pavement structure that is safe, durable, sustainable, and capable of carrying the predicted traffic loads under prevailing climatic conditions. Proper structural design of pavements is one that takes into consideration the mechanistic analysis of pavements for stresses and strains that can predict the performance of the pavement with time. This section fulfills this goal by presenting the subject in a unique manner.
• Volume II: Highway Planning, Survey, and Design
• Part I “Urban Transportation Planning” presents a process that involves a multi-modal approach and comprehensive planning steps and models to design and evaluate a variety of alternatives for transportation systems and facilities, predict travel demand and future needs, and manage the facilities and services for the different modes of transportation to finally achieve a safe, efficient, and sustainable system for the movement of people and goods.
• Part II “Highway Survey” presents the basic concepts and standard procedures necessary to make precise and accurate distance, angle, and level measurements for highway alignment, cross-sections, and earth quantities used in the design of highways.
• Part III “Geometric Design of Highways” deals with engineering design techniques, standards, and models that control the three main elements of highway geometric design: horizontal and vertical alignments, profile, and cross-section to achieve the primary objectives of geometric design: safety, efficiency, and sustainability.
The book is designed to benefit students in engineering programs at academic institutes where courses in pavement engineering, highway engineering, transportation engineering, traffic engineering, urban transportation planning, and survey are offered. The book is intended to be used as a state-of-the-art textbook for engineering students at the undergraduate and graduate level as well as professionals and technologists in the civil engineering field.
The main goals of this book are:
(1) To serve as a textbook in traffic and pavement engineering as well as highway and transportation engineering at the undergraduate level.
(2) To serve as a reference book in advanced courses or special topics that deal with contemporary subjects at the graduate level.
(3) To serve as a reliable professional reference for academic professors, practitioners, professional engineers, professional/licenser exams, site engineers, researchers, lab managers, quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) engineers, and technologists in the field of civil engineering.
The distinctiveness of this book emanates from the plentiful number of problems on each topic and the broad range of ideas and practical problems that are included in all areas of the book. Furthermore, the problems cover theory, concepts, practice, and applications. The solution of each problem in the book follows a step-by-step procedure that includes the theory and the derivation of the formulas in some cases and the computations. Besides this, almost all problems in the five parts of the book include detailed calculations that are solved using MS Excel worksheets where mathematical, trigonometric, statistical, and logical formulas are used by inserting the correct function in the worksheet to perform the computations more rapidly and efficiently. The MS Excel Solver tool is at times used for solving complex equations in several problems in the book. Additionally, numerical methods, linear algebraic methods, and least squares regression techniques are utilized in some problems to assist in solving the problem and make the solution much easier. The advantage of these MS Excel worksheets and computations is that each one can be used to solve other practical problems with similar type of inputs by just changing the input values to obtain the outputs or the results. The book is supplemented by a CD that includes all the MS Excel worksheets for the computational problems of the book.
In summary, the book is designed to be informative and filled with an abundance of solutions to problems in the engineering science of transportation. It is hoped that this book will enrich the knowledge and science in transportation engineering, thereby elevating the civil engineering profession in general and the transportation engineering practice in particular as well as advancing the transportation engineering field to the best levels possible. It is also hoped that the targeted domain including students, academic professors, and professionals will benefit considerably from this book.