Understandable Statistics: Concepts And Methods, Thirteenth Edition
By Charles Henry Brase, Corrinne Pellillo Brase, Jason Dolor and James Seibert
Contents:
Preface viii
Table of Prerequisite Material xxv
1 Getting Started 2
FOCUS PROBLEM: Where Have All the Fireflies Gone? 3
1.1 What Is Statistics? 4
1.2 Random Samples 12
1.3 Introduction to Experimental Design 20
Summary 30
Important Words & Symbols 30
Chapter Review Problems 31
Data Highlights: Group Projects 33
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects 33
USING TECHNOLOGY 34
2 Organizing Data 36
FOCUS PROBLEM: Say It with Pictures 37
2.1 Frequency Distributions, Histograms, and Related Topics 39
2.2 Bar Graphs, Circle Graphs, and Time-Series Graphs 57
2.3 Stem-and-Leaf Displays 66
Summary 75
Important Words & Symbols 75
Chapter Review Problems 76
Data Highlights: Group Projects 78
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects 79
USING TECHNOLOGY 80
3 Averages and Variation 84
FOCUS PROBLEM: Water: Yellowstone River 85
3.1 Measures of Central Tendency: Mode, Median, and Mean 86
3.2 Measures of Variation 96
3.3 Percentiles and Box-and-Whisker Plots 112
Summary 122
Important Words & Symbols 122
Chapter Review Problems 123
Data Highlights: Group Projects 125
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects 126
USING TECHNOLOGY 127
Cumulative Review Problems 129
4 Elementary Probability Theory 132
FOCUS PROBLEM: How Often Do Lie Detectors Lie? 133
4.1 What Is Probability? 134
4.2 Some Probability Rules—Compound Events 145
4.3 Trees and Counting Techniques 164
Summary 175
Important Words & Symbols 175
Chapter Review Problems 176
Data Highlights: Group Projects 177
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects 179
USING TECHNOLOGY 180
5 The Binomial Probability Distribution
and Related Topics 182
FOCUS PROBLEM: Experiencing Other Cultures: How Many International Students? 183
5.1 Introduction to Random Variables and Probability Distributions 184
5.2 Binomial Probabilities 193
5.3 Additional Properties of the Binomial Distribution 208
5.4 The Geometric and Poisson Probability Distributions (eTextbook only)
Summary 220
Important Words & Symbols 220
Chapter Review Problems 221
Data Highlights: Group Projects 223
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects 225
USING TECHNOLOGY 226
6 Normal Curves and Sampling Distributions 228
FOCUS PROBLEM: Impulse Buying 229
PART I: Normal Distributions 230
6.1 Graphs of Normal Probability Distributions 230
6.2 Standard Units and Areas Under the Standard Normal Distribution 242
6.3 Areas Under Any Normal Curve 252
PART I: Summary 267
PART II: Sampling Distributions and the Normal Approximation to Binomial
Distribution 267
6.4 Sampling Distributions 267
6.5 The Central Limit Theorem 275
6.6 Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution and to the p
Distribution 286
PART II: Summary 295
Summary 296
Important Words & Symbols 297
Chapter Review Problems 297
Data Highlights: Group Projects 299
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects 300
USING TECHNOLOGY 302
Cumulative Review Problems 305
7 Estimation 308
FOCUS PROBLEM: The Trouble with Wood Ducks 309
PART I: Estimating a Single Mean or Single Proportion 310
7.1 Estimating m When σ Is Known 310
7.2 Estimating m When σ Is Unknown 323
7.3 Estimating p in the Binomial Distribution 335
PART I: Summary 349
PART II: Estimating the Difference Between Two Means or Two
Proportions 349
7.4 Estimating m1 − m2 and p1 − p2 350
PART II: Summary 370
Summary 371
Important Words & Symbols 371
Chapter Review Problems 372
Data Highlights: Group Projects 375
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects 377
USING TECHNOLOGY 378
8 Hypothesis Testing 382
FOCUS PROBLEM: Benford’s Law: The Importance of Being Number 1 383
PART I: Testing a Single Mean or Single Proportion 384
8.1 Introduction to Statistical Tests 384
8.2 Testing the Mean m 400
8.3 Testing a Proportion p 415
PART I: Summary 426
PART II: Testing a Difference Between Two Means or Two
Proportions 426
8.4 Tests Involving Paired Differences (Dependent Samples) 427
8.5 Testing m1 − m2 and p1 − p2 (Independent Samples) 439
PART II: Summary 461
Summary 462
Finding the P-Value Corresponding to a Sample Test
Statistic 462
Important Words & Symbols 463
Chapter Review Problems 463
Data Highlights: Group Projects 465
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects 466
USING TECHNOLOGY 467
9 Correlation and Regression 470
FOCUS PROBLEM: Changing Populations and Crime Rate 471
PART I: Simple Linear Regression 472
9.1 Scatter Diagrams and Linear Correlation 472
9.2 Linear Regression and the Coefficient of Determination 488
9.3 Inferences for Correlation and Regression 503
PART I: Summary 522
PART II: Multiple Regression 522
9.4 Multiple Regression 523
PART II: Summary 536
Summary 537
Important Words & Symbols 537
Chapter Review Problems 538
Data Highlights: Group Projects 540
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects 541
USING TECHNOLOGY 542
Cumulative Review Problems 544
10 Chi-Square and F Distributions 548
FOCUS PROBLEM: Archaeology in Bandelier National Monument 549
PART I: Inferences Using the Chi-Square Distribution 550
10.1 Chi-Square: Tests of Independence and of Homogeneity 551
10.2 Chi-Square: Goodness of Fit 566
10.3 Testing and Estimating a Single Variance or Standard Deviation 575
PART I: Summary 587
PART II: Inferences Using the F Distribution 588
10.4 Testing Two Variances 589
10.5 One-Way ANOVA: Comparing Several Sample Means 598
10.6 Introduction to Two-Way ANOVA 614
PART II: Summary 625
Summary 626
Part I 626
Part II 626
Important Words & Symbols 626
Part I 626
Part II 626
Chapter Review Problems 626
Data Highlights: Group Projects 629
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects 630
USING TECHNOLOGY 631
11 Nonparametric Statistics 634
FOCUS PROBLEM: How Cold? Compared to What? 635
11.1 The Sign Test for Matched Pairs 636
11.2 The Rank-Sum Test 643
11.3 Spearman Rank Correlation 650
11.4 Runs Test for Randomness 660
Summary 669
Important Words & Symbols 669
Chapter Review Problems 669
Data Highlights: Group Projects 671
Linking Concepts: Writing Projects 671
Cumulative Review Problems 672
Appendix I: Additional Topics (eTextbook only) A1
PART I: Bayes’s Theorem
PART II: The Hypergeometric Probability Distribution
Appendix II: Tables A3
Table 1: Random Numbers A3
Table 2: Binomial Coefficients Cn,r A4
Table 3: Binomial Probability Distribution Cn,r prqn2r A5
Table 4: Poisson Probability Distribution A10
Table 5: Areas of a Standard Normal Distribution A16
Table 6: Critical Values for Student’s t Distribution A18
Table 7: The _ 2 Distribution A19
Table 8: Critical Values for F Distribution A20
Table 9: Critical Values for Spearman Rank Correlation, rs A30
Table 10: Critical Values for Number of Runs R (Level of Significance a 5 0.05) A31
Answers and Key Steps to Odd-Numbered Problems A33
Index I1