Comptia Network+ Guide To Networks, Ninth Edition
By Jill West
Table of Contents:
Preface_ix
Module 1
Introduction to Networking 1
Network Models 2
Peer-to-Peer Network Model 3
Client-Server Network Model 5
Client-Server Applications 7
Network Services and Their Protocols 7
Network Hardware 10
LANs and Their Hardware 11
MANs and WANs 16
The Seven-Layer OSI Model 18
Layer 7: Application Layer 20
Layer 6: Presentation Layer 20
Layer 5: Session Layer 20
Layer 4: Transport Layer 20
Layer 3: Network Layer 21
Layer 2: Data Link Layer 21
Layer 1: Physical Layer 22
Protocol Data Unit or PDU 22
Summary of How the Layers Work
Together 22
Safety Procedures and Policies 25
Emergency Procedures 25
Safety Precautions 26
Troubleshooting Network Problems 29
Module Summary_33
Key Terms_36
Review Questi ons_36
Hands-On Projects_38
Module 2
Infrastructure and
Documentation 53
Components of Structured Cabling 54
From the Demarc to a Workstation 55
Cabling 62
Monitoring the Environment
and Security 65
Network Documentation 67
Network Diagrams 67
Operating Procedures 74
Inventory Management 76
Labeling and Naming Conventions 77
Business Documents 78
Change Management 80
Software and Hardware Changes 80
Change Management Documentation 82
Module Summary_85
Key Terms_86
Review Questions_87
Hands-On Projects_88
Module 3
Addressing 107
Addressing Overview 108
MAC Addresses 109
IP Addresses 112
IPv4 Addresses 114
IPv6 Addresses 121
Types of IPv6 Addresses 122
Ports and Sockets 126
Domain Names and DNS_130
Namespace Databases 131
Name Servers 131
Resource Records in a DNS Database 133
DNS Server Software 135
Troubleshooting Address Problems 137
Troubleshooting Tools 137
Common Network Issues 147
Module Summary_151
Key Terms_154
Review Questions_155
Hands-On Projects_156
Module 4
Protocols 167
TCP/IP Core Protocols 168
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) 169
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) 174
IP (Internet Protocol) 175
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) 180
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) on IPv4
Networks 181
NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) 182
Ethernet 183
Encryption Protocols 186
Key Encryption 187
IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) 188
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS
(Transport Layer Security) 189
Remote Access Protocols 192
Remote File Access 194
Terminal Emulation 194
VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) 199
Remote Access Policies 202
Troubleshooting Network Issues 204
Troubleshooting Tools 204
Solving Common Network Problems 208
Module Summary 211
Key Terms_214
Review Questi ons_215
Hands-On Projects_216
Module 5
Cabling 231
Transmission Basics 232
Frequency, Bandwidth, and Throughput 232
Transmission Flaws 235
Duplex, Half-Duplex, and Simplex 237
Multiplexing 238
Copper Cable 240
Coaxial Cable and Twinaxial Cable 240
Twisted-Pair Cable 243
STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) 245
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) 247
Comparing STP and UTP 247
Cable Pinouts 248
PoE (Power over Ethernet) 254
Ethernet Standards for Twisted-Pair Cable 256
Fiber-Optic Cable 258
SMF (Single Mode Fiber) 260
MMF (Multimode Fiber) 261
Fiber Connectors 261
Media Converters 263
Fiber Transceivers 264
Ethernet Standards for Fiber-Optic Cable 266
Common Fiber-Cable Problems 267
Cable Troubleshooting Tools 268
Toner and Probe Kit 269
Multimeter 270
Cable Continuity Tester 271
Cable Performance Tester 273
OPM (Optical Power Meter) 274
Module Summary_275
Key Terms_278
Review Questi ons_279
Hands-On Projects_280
Module 6
Wireless Networking 295
Characteristics of Wireless Transmissions 296
The Wireless Spectrum 296
Channel Management 300
Antennas 301
Signal Propagation 303
802.11 WLAN Standards 306
802.11 Innovations 308
Access Method 310
Association and Wireless Topologies 311
IEEE 802.11 Frames 314
Implementing a Wi-Fi Network 316
Determine the Design 316
Configure Wi-Fi Connectivity Devices 321
Configure Wi-Fi Clients 322
Wi-Fi Network Security 325
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) 326
WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access, Version 2) 326
Personal and Enterprise 327
Other Security Configurations 329
Security Threats to Wi-Fi Networks 331
Troubleshooting Wi-Fi Networks 334
Wi-Fi Network Tools 334
Avoid Pitfalls 335
Module Summary_340
Key Terms_342
Review Questi ons_343
Hands-On Projects_344
Module 7
Network Architecture 357
Physical Architecture 359
Managed Switches 360
Switch Path Management 360
Switch Port Security 363
Hierarchical Design 363
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) 367
Storage Area Network (SAN) 370
Virtual Architecture 374
Network Connection Types 376
Pros and Cons of Virtualization 383
NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) 385
Cloud Architecture 386
Cloud Service Models 388
Cloud Deployment Models 390
Orchestration and Automation 391
Connectivity and Security 392
Network Availability 394
Fault Tolerance 395
Module Summary_402
Key Terms_404
Review Questi ons_404
Hands-On Projects_406
Module 8
Segmentation 423
Network Segmentation 424
Subnet Masks 426
How Subnet Masks Work 428
Calculating Subnets 431
IPv4 Subnet Calculation in Binary 432
IPv4 Subnet Calculations Using
Formulas 434
Subnet Mask Tables 437
Subnetting Questions on Exams 437
Implementing Subnets on a Network 439
Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) 442
Subnets in IPv6 444
Virtual LANs (VLANs) 447
Switch Port Configuration 448
VLAN Trunks 451
VLANs and Subnets 452
Types of VLANs 453
View Configured VLANs 455
Dynamic VLAN Assignment 456
Troubleshoot and Secure VLANs 456
Module Summary_458
Key Terms_460
Review Questi ons_460
Hands-On Projects_461
Module 9
Wide Area Networking 481
WAN Essentials 482
Entry Point Equipment 483
Routing Protocols 485
Routing Tables 487
Routing Path Types 489
route 489
Routing Metrics 490
Routing Protocols to Determine Best Paths 490
Interior and Exterior Gateway Protocols 491
Routing Redundancy 493
WAN Connectivity 495
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) 498
Cable Broadband 500
Fiber 503
Leased Lines 504
MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) 505
Cloud Connectivity Options 507
Software-defined WAN (SD-WAN) 508
Wireless WANs 511
Cellular 511
Satellite 515
Troubleshooting Connections 517
Internet Connectivity Issues 517
Interface Problems 517
Routing Issues 520
Module Summary_524
Key Terms_527
Review Questi ons_527
Hands-On Projects_528
Module 10
Risk Management_541
Security Risks 542
People Risks 545
Technology Risks 548
Malware Risks 552
Risk Assessment and Management 557
Attack Simulations 558
Red Team–Blue Team Exercise 559
Scanning Tools 560
Honeypots and Honeynets 561
Physical Security 562
Prevention Methods 563
Detection Methods 566
Device Hardening 569
Updates and Security Patches 569
Administrative Credentials 571
Services and Protocols 573
Passwords 575
Anti-Malware Software 578
Asset Disposal 579
Security Policies for Users 580
Security Policy Goals 581
BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) 582
AUP (Acceptable Use Policy) 582
NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement) 584
Password Policy 584
Privileged User Agreement 587
Module Summary_589
Key Terms_591
Review Questions_592
Hands-On Projects_593
Module 11
Security in Network Design 607
Network Hardening by Design 608
Router and Switch Security Configurations 608
Switch Security Configurations 611
Network Security Technologies 615
Proxy Servers 615
Firewalls 617
IDS (Intrusion Detection System) 624
IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) 627
Cloud Security Technologies 627
Authentication, Authorization, and
Accounting (AAA) 629
Authentication 630
Authorization 634
Accounting 634
Authentication Technologies 637
Directory Services 638
Kerberos 639
SSO (Single Sign-On) 642
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In
User Service) 643
TACACS1 (Terminal Access Controller Access
Control System Plus) 644
Module Summary_646
Key Terms_648
Review Questi ons_649
Hands-On Projects_650
Module 12
Performance and Recovery 667
Collect Network Data 668
Environmental Monitoring 668
Traffic Monitoring Tools 672
Manage Network Traffic 683
Performance Baselines 684
Bandwidth Management 685
Flow Control 686
Congestion Control 687
QoS (Quality of Service) Assurance 688
Plan Response and Recovery
Strategies 691
Incident Response 692
Data Preservation 693
Disaster Recovery Planning 694
Disaster Recovery Contingencies 695
Power Management 696
Backup Systems 701
Module Summary_706
Key Terms_707
Review Questi ons_708
Hands-On Projects_709
appendix a
CompTIA Network+ N10-008
Certification Exam
Objectives 725
appendix B
Visual Guide to Connectors 745
appendix C
CompTIA Network+ Practice
Exam_747
appendix D
Rubric for Hands-on
Projects and Capstone
Projects 759
GLO SSARY 761
Index