State and Local Government, Eleventh Edition
By Ann O’M. Bowman, Richard C. Kearney with Carmine P. F. Scavo
Contents:
Preface vii
1 State and Local Governments:
New Directions 1
Studying State and Local Governments
in the Twenty-First C entury 2
The Capacity of States and Localities 6
The People: Designers and Consumers
of Government 18
Linking Capacity to Results 25
Chapter Recap 26
Should Governments Have Innovation
Offices? 10
Creating an Image, Rebranding a
Place 17
2 Federalism and the States: Sorting
Out Roles and Responsibilities 27
The Concept of Federalism 29
The History of U.S. Federalism 31
Models of Federalism 43
Intergovernmental Relations 46
Federal Purse Strings 51
The Future of Federalism 55
Chapter Recap 58
What Level of Government Should Take
the Lead for P andemic Threats? 38
Should the States Legalize
Marijuana? 57
3 State Constitutions: The
Fundamental Rules of State
Government 60
The History and Development of the
Fundamental Documents 61
The Evolution of State Constitutions 62
Constitutional Reform 69
Methods for Constitutional Change 75
State Responsiveness and
Constitutional Reform 82
Chapter Recap 83
New States’ Rights? 72
Should Washington, DC Become the
51st State? 76
4 Citizen Participation and
Elections: Engaging the Public in
Government 84
Participation 85
Elections 94
Direct Democracy 101
Citizen Access to Government 107
The Effects of Citizen
Participation 112
Chapter Recap 113
Voter ID Laws: Good or Bad
Idea? 91
Participatory Budgeting: Letting the
Public Decide How to Spend Public
Money 108
5 Political Parties, Interest Groups,
and Campaigns: Influencing Public
Policy 114
Political Parties 115
Interest Groups 125
Political Campaigns 134
Chapter Recap 143
Opening Up the Ballot to More
Parties 122
Should Political Spending in
Campaigns Be Unrestricted by
Government? 143
6 State Legislatures: The People’ s
Representatives 145
The Essence of Legislatures 146
Legislative Dynamics 147
Legislative Behavior 157
How a Bill Becomes Law (or Not) 159
Legislative Reform and Capacity 161
Relationship with the Executive
Branch 168
Legislatures and Capacity 171
Chapter Recap 172
Do-It-Yourself e-Redistricting 152
Should State Legislatures Be More
Professionalized? 164
7 Governors: Power, Politics, and
Executive Leadership 174
The Office of Governor 176
Being Governor: Duties and
Responsibilities 181
Formal and Informal Powers of the
Governor 189
Informal Powers 199
Leaving Office 203
Other Executive Branch Officials 204
The Capability of U.S. Governors 206
Chapter Recap 207
Is Private Sector Experience the
Best Preparation for the
Governorship? 180
Should Executive Branch Officers Be
Elected? 193
8 aPnudb lSice Arvdicmei nDisetlrivaetiroyn :2 0B8udgeting
Public Employees in State and Local
Governments: Who They Are, What
They Do 210
Budgeting in State and Local
Governments 213
Human Resource Policy in State and
Local Governments: Patronage
Versus Merit 221
The Politics of Bureaucracy 232
New Public Management 234
The Quality of Public
Administration 239
Chapter Recap 240
Take the Children into Custody or
Leave Them with Their Mom? 212
Social Media: Problematic or
Panacea? 240
9 The Judiciary: Independence vs
Accountability 242
The Structure of State Court
Systems 244
How Judges Are Selected 248
Judicial Decision Making 258
Judicial Federalism 264
Administrative and Organizational
I mprovements in State Courts 266
Chapter Recap 270
Judges: Elected, Appointed, or
Merit-Selected? 257
What if the Jury Pool Becomes a
Puddle? 260
10 Local Government: Types and
Functions 271
Orientations to Communities 272
County Government 276
Towns and Townships 294
Special Districts 296
School Districts 298
Communities and Governance 300
Chapter Recap 301
Should Public Employees Have to Live
Where They Work? 280
Outsourcing City Services 289
11 Local Leadership and Governance:
Continuity and Change 303
Community Power 305
Property Rights: A Matter of Power 310
Local Executives 311
Leadership and Capacity 327
Chapter Recap 329
Should All Cities Have a Strong
Mayor? 313
The Mayor, the City Council,
and Walmart . . . and the
Community 328
12 State-Local Relations: Fifty
Different Systems 330
The Distribution of Authority 331
Metropolitics: A New Challenge for
State Government 339
States and Urban Policy 349
States and Their Rural C ommunities 353
The Interaction of State and Local
Governments 355
Chapter Recap 356
Should a State Bail Out Its Financially
Stressed Local Governments? 334
One Big California or Several
Regional Californias? 348
13 Taxing and Spending: Where the
Money Comes from and Where It
Goes 358
The Principles of Finance 359
Revenues 363
The Political Economy of Taxation 377
Managing Money 384
Cu Frriennatn Icses ue3s8 i8n State and Local
Chapter Recap 389
Should Medical Marijuana Be
Taxed? 373
The State’s Responsibility in Local
Bankruptcy Events 387
14 Economic Development:
Competing for Growth 391
Regional Differences in Economic
Prosperity 393
Approaches to Economic
Development 396
The Politics of Economic Growth 398
Current Approaches 400
Persistent Questions 408
The Implications of Economic
Development Policy 414
Chapter Recap 415
The Creative Class and Cool
Cities 395
Should a State Government Provide
Tax Incentives to the Film Industry
to Make Movies There? 412
15 Education Policy: Reading,
Writing, and Reform 417
Is There a Crisis in Education? 419
Intergovernmental Roles in
Education 424
The Education Policy Actors 433
The State Education Policy
Leaders 436
Educational Innovation in the
States 438
The Continuing Challenges of Public
Education 451
Chapter Recap 453
Should States Implement Common
Core Standards? 441
Should Teachers Have Tenure? 446
16 CCroirmreincatilo Jnuss tic4e5:4 Cops and
How Much Crime Is There? 456
Fighting Crime 457
The Ongoing Challenge of Crime
Fighting 460
Intergovernmental Roles in Criminal
Justice 460
Actors in Criminal Justice Policy 461
How Policy Participants Interact: Two
Policy Areas 465
Capital Punishment 467
Correctional Policy 471
Policy Alternatives for States and
Localities 477
The Current Challenge in Crime and
Corrections 484
Chapter Recap 485
Should Potentially Invasive
Data-Driven Policing
Technology Be Restricted or
Prohibited? 459
Are Private Prisons a Good
Idea? 483
17 Social Welfare and Health Care
Policy: Addressing Poverty and
Sickness 486
Thinking About—and
Measuring— Poverty 487
Social Welfare and Ideology 489
Current Social Welfare Policy 491
Types of Social Welfare Programs 492
State Innovations in Social
Welfare 499
Turning Welfare Checks into
Paychecks 503
Health Care 506
Chapter Recap 512
Combatting Homelessness 497
Should Welfare Recipients Be Drug
Tested? 505
18 Environmental Policy: Regulation
and Innovation 513
The Political Economy of Environmental
Protection 515
New Approaches: Moving Toward
Sustainability 517
Clean Air, Clean Water, and Politics 518
The Greening of States and
Localities 522
State Commitment to Environmental
Protection 523
Dealing with Waste 528
Two Challenges for Policy Makers 536
From Short Term to Long Term 540
Chapter Recap 541
The Challenges of Regulating
Polluters 524
Should Cities Enact Plastic Bag
Bans? 531
References 543
Index 572