Business Law Today – Standard Edition: Text & Summarized Cases, 13th Edition by Roger LeRoy Miller

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Business Law Today – Standard Edition: Text & Summarized Cases, 13th Edition

Roger LeRoy Miller

Business Law Today - Standard Edition: Text & Summarized Cases, 13th Edition

Contents

Unit 1 The Legal Environment of Business 1

Chapter 1

Law and Legal Reasoning 2

Business Activities and the Legal Environment 3

Sources of American Law 4

The Common Law 8

■■ Managerial Strategy: The Power of Precedent 10

■■ Landmark in the Law: Equitable Maxims 15

Classifications of Law 15

Appendix to Chapter 1 21

Finding and Analyzing the Law 21

Finding Statutory and Administrative Law 21

Finding Case Law 22

Reading and Understanding Case Law 24

Exhibit 1A–3 A Sample Court Case 28

Adelman’s Truck Parts Corp. v. Jones Transport 28

■■ Business Law Analysis: Case Briefing and IRAC Legal Reasoning 29

Chapter 2

Constitutional Law 31

The Constitutional Powers of Government 32

Case 2.1: Classy Cycles, Inc. v. Panama City Beach 33

■■ Landmark in the Law: Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) 35

Classic Case 2.2: Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States 36

Business and the Bill of Rights 38

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment:

Social Media and the Constitution 40

Spotlight on Beer Labels: Case 2.3: Bad Frog Brewery, Inc. v.

New York State Liquor Authority 43

■■ Business Law Analysis: Determining When Public

Religious Displays Violate the Establishment Clause 45

Due Process and Equal Protection 47

Privacy Rights 49

■■ Cybersecurity and the Law: Should Apple Help

Law Enforcement? 49

Chapter 3

Ethics in Business 56

Ethics and the Role of Business 57

■■ Business Web Log: Bogus Bank and Credit Card Accounts

at Wells Fargo Bank 58

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment: Should

Employees Have a “Right of Disconnecting”? 60

Case 3.1: Al-Dabagh v. Case Western Reserve University 62

Ethical Principles and Philosophies 63

■■ Managerial Strategy: The Stakeholder Capitalism Movement 68

Sources of Ethical Issues in Business Decisions 68

Case 3.2: Watson Laboratories, Inc. v. State of Mississippi 69

Making Ethical Business Decisions 72

■■ Business Law Analysis: Applying the IDDR Framework 76

Business Ethics on a Global Level 76

Appendix to Chapter 3: 84

Costco Code of Ethics 84

Chapter 4

Courts and Alternative

Dispute Resolution 85

The Judiciary’s Role in American Government 86

■■ Landmark in the Law: Marbury v. Madison (1803) 86

Basic Judicial Requirements 87

Spotlight on Gucci: Case 4.1: Gucci America, Inc. v. Wang Huoqing 92

The State and Federal Court Systems 93

Case 4.2: Oxford Tower Apartments, LP v. Frenchie’s Hair Boutique 95

Following a State Court Case 98

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment:

Using Social Media for Service of Process 99

Case 4.3: Klipsch Group, Inc. v. ePRO E-Commerce Limited 104

Courts Online 107

Alternative Dispute Resolution 108

■■ Business Web Log: Samsung and Forced Arbitration 111

Chapter 5

Tort Law 119

The Basis of Tort Law 119

Intentional Torts against Persons 121

■■ Business Law Analysis: Analyzing Intentional Infliction

of Emotional Distress Claims 123

Case 5.1: Sky v. Van Der Westhuizen 125

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment:

Revenge Porn and Invasion of Privacy 128

Intentional Torts against Property 132

Negligence 134

Case 5.2: Bogenberger v. Pi Kappa Alpha Corporation, Inc. 135

■■ Landmark in the Law: Palsgraf v. Long Island

Railroad Co. (1928) 138

Spotlight on the Seattle Mariners: Case 5.3: Taylor v.

Baseball Club of Seattle, L.P. 140

Strict Liability 141

Chapter 6

Product Liability 146

Product Liability Claims 146

■■ Business Web Log: Johnson & Johnson Faces

Continuing Lawsuits Over Its Talcum Powder 147

■■ Landmark in the Law: MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co.

(1916) 148

Case 6.1: Primal Vantage Co. v. O’Bryan 149

Strict Product Liability 150

■■ Cybersecurity and the Law: The Internet of Things 151

■■ Business Law Analysis: How State Legislation Can Limit

Recovery for Design Defects 153

Case 6.2: Stange v. Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 155

■■ Managerial Strategy: When Is a Warning Legally Bulletproof? 156

Defenses to Product Liability 158

Spotlight on Injuries from Vaccinations: Case 6.3: Bruesewitz v.

Wyeth, LLC 159

Chapter 7

Intellectual Property Rights 166

Trademarks 167

■■ Managerial Strategy: Trademarks and Service Marks 167

Classic Case 7.1: Coca-Cola Co. v. Koke Co. of America 168

■■ Business Web Log: Amazon Faces Fake Products 173

Patents 175

■■ Business Law Analysis: The Impact of Patent Time Limits 175

Copyrights 178

Case 7.2: LEGO A/S v. ZURU Inc. 180

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment: Beyoncé,

Sampling, and a $20 Million Lawsuit 183

Case 7.3: Oracle USA, Inc. v. Rimini Street, Inc. 184

Trade Secrets 185

International Protections 186

Chapter 8

Internet Law, Social Media, and

Privacy 192

Internet Law 193

Spotlight on Internet Porn: Case 8.1: Hasbro, Inc. v. Internet

Entertainment Group, Ltd. 196

Copyrights in Digital Information 197

■■ Landmark in the Law: The Digital Millennium Copyright Act 198

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment: Riot Games,

Inc., Protects Its Online Video Game Copyrights 199

Case 8.2: BMG Rights Management (US), LLC v. Cox

Communications, Inc. 200

Social Media 201

Online Defamation 204

■■ Business Law Analysis: Immunity of ISPs under the

Communications Decency Act 206

Privacy 206

Case 8.3: Campbell v. Facebook, Inc. 207

Chapter 9

Criminal Law and Cyber Crime 214

Civil Law and Criminal Law 214

Criminal Liability 217

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment: Should

Bitcoin Be Illegal? 217

Case 9.1: United States v. Crabtree 218

■■ Managerial Strategy: The Criminalization of American

Business 220

Types of Crimes 221

Spotlight on White-Collar Crime: Case 9.2: People v. Sisuphan 224

Defenses to Criminal Liability 228

Constitutional Safeguards 230

Cyber Crime 233

■■ Landmark in the Law: Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 234

■■ Cybersecurity and the Law: Counter-Strike: Global Offensive 236

Unit 2 Contracts and E-Contracts 243

Chapter 10

Nature and Classification 244

An Overview of Contract Law 244

Elements of a Contract 246

Case 10.1: Credible Behavioral Health, Inc. v. Johnson 247

Types of Contracts 248

Case 10.2: Boswell v. Panera Bread Co. 250

Quasi Contracts 253

■■ Business Law Analysis: Deciding If a Court Would Impose

a Quasi Contract 254

Interpretation of Contracts 255

Spotlight on Columbia Pictures: Case 10.3: Wagner v.

Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. 256

Chapter 11

Agreement 262

Offer 262

Classic Case 11.1: Lucy v. Zehmer 263

Spotlight on Amazon.com: Case 11.2: Basis Technology

Corp. v. Amazon.com, Inc. 265

■■ Business Law Analysis: Offers of a Reward 267

Acceptance 269

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment: Can Your E-Mails

Create a Valid Contract? 270

E-Contracts 273

Case 11.3: Bailey v. Kentucky Lottery Corp. 276

The Uniform Electronic Transactions Act 279

Chapter 12

Consideration, Capacity, and

Legality 285

Consideration 285

■■ Landmark in the Law: Hamer v. Sidway (1891) 286

Case 12.1: Cincinnati Reds, L.L.C. v. Testa 287

Spotlight on Nike: Case 12.2: Already, LLC v. Nike, Inc. 292

Promissory Estoppel 293

Contractual Capacity 294

Legality 297

■■ Business Law Analysis: Determining If a Contract with an

Unlicensed Party Is Enforceable 298

Case 12.3: Kennedy v. Shave Barber Co. 300

■■ Managerial Strategy: Creating Liability Waivers

That Are Not Unconscionable 303

The Effect of Illegality 304

Chapter 13

Defenses to Contract Enforceability 310

Mistakes 310

Fraudulent Misrepresentation 313

Case 13.1: McCullough v. Allstate Property and Casualty

Insurance Co. 314

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment:

The Problem of “Contract Cheating” 317

Undue Influence and Duress 318

The Writing Requirement 319

Case 13.2: Sloop v. Kiker 320

The Parol Evidence Rule 325

Case 13.3: Habel v. Estate of Capelli 326

Chapter 14

Third Party Rights and Discharge 333

Assignments 333

Delegations 337

Case 14.1: Mirandette v. Nelnet, Inc. 339

Third Party Beneficiaries 339

Case 14.2: Bozzio v. EMI Group, Ltd. 340

Contract Discharge 343

■■ Business Law Analysis: Determining When a Breach Is Material 347

Case 14.3: Chalk Supply LLC v. Ribbe Real Estate LLC 348

Chapter 15

Breach and Remedies 357

Damages 358

■■ Cybersecurity and the Law: Arby’s Restaurant Group, Inc. 359

Case 15.1: HDAV Outdoor, LLC v. Red Square Holdings, LLC 361

■■ Landmark in the Law: Hadley v. Baxendale (1854) 362

Spotlight on Liquidated Damages: Case 15.2: Kent State

University v. Ford 364

Equitable Remedies 365

■■ Business Law Analysis: Enforceability of Liquidated

Damages Provisions 365

Case 15.3: Cipriano Square Plaza Corp. v. Munawar 366

Recovery Based on Quasi Contract 369

Contract Provisions Limiting Remedies 370

Unit 3 Commercial Transactions 377

Chapter 16

Sales and Lease Contracts 378

■■ Landmark in the Law: The Uniform Commercial Code 379

The Scope of Articles 2 and 2A 379

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment:

Taxing Web Purchases 381

The Formation of Sales and Lease Contracts 383

Case 16.1: Toll Processing Services, LLC v. Kastalon, Inc. 384

■■ Business Law Analysis: Additional Terms between Merchants 388

Classic Case 16.2: Jones v. Star Credit Corp. 393

Title and Risk of Loss 394

■■ Managerial Strategy: Commercial Use of Drones 396

Case 16.3: Total Quality Logistics, LLC v. Balance

Transportation, LLC 398

Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 401

Chapter 17

Performance and Breach of

Sales and Lease Contracts 408

Obligations of the Seller or Lessor 409

Case 17.1: All the Way Towing, LLC v. Bucks County

International, Inc. 411

Obligations of the Buyer or Lessee 414

Remedies of the Seller or Lessor 416

Remedies of the Buyer or Lessee 419

Spotlight on Baseball Cards: Case 17.2: Fitl v. Strek 423

Warranties 425

Classic Case 17.3: Webster v. Blue Ship Tea Room, Inc. 428

■■ Business Law Analysis: Implied Warranties 430

Chapter 18

Negotiable Instruments 438

Formation of Negotiable Instruments 439

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment: Pay with Your

Smartphone 441

Case 18.1: OneWest Bank, FSB v. Nunez 445

■■ Business Law Analysis: Deciding If an Instrument Is

Negotiable 446

Case 18.2: Collins Asset Group, LLC v. Alialy 447

Transfer of Instruments 450

Holder in Due Course (HDC) 452

Case 18.3: Jarrell v. Conerly 454

Signature and Warranty Liability 456

Defenses, Limitations, and Discharge 461

Chapter 19

International and Space Law 469

International Law 469

Case 19.1: Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran 473

■■ Business Law Analysis: Sovereign Immunity Claims 474

Doing Business Internationally 475

Regulation of Specific Business Activities 477

Case 19.2: Changzhou Trina Solar Energy Co. v. International Trade

Commission 479

U.S. Laws in a Global Context 481

Spotlight on International Torts: Case 19.3: Daimler AG v. Bauman 482

Space Law 483

■■ Cybersecurity and the Law: Safe Satellites 484

Chapter 20

Banking 490

Checks and the Bank-Customer Relationship 491

The Bank’s Duty to Honor Checks 493

Case 20.1: Legg v. West Bank 494

Case 20.2: Horton v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. 497

The Bank’s Duty to Accept Deposits 499

■■ Landmark in the Law: Check Clearing for the 21st Century

Act (Check 21) 500

Electronic Fund Transfers 502

Case 20.3: Binns v. Truist Bank 504

Banking in the Digital Age 505

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment: Open Banking 506

Chapter 21

Security Interests and Creditors’ Rights 512

Creating and Perfecting a Security Interest 512

Spotlight on Wedding Rings: Case 21.1: Royal Jewelers, Inc. v. Light 514

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment: Secured

Transactions Online 515

■■ Business Law Analysis: Perfecting a Security Interest 517

Scope of a Security Interest 521

Priorities, Rights, and Duties 523

Case 21.2: Lewis v. Chris Carbine, Inc. 524

Default 526

Case 21.3: SunTrust Bank v. Monroe 528

Other Laws Assisting Creditors 530

Chapter 22

Bankruptcy 540

The Bankruptcy Code 540

■■ Business Web Log: Online Competition, Bankruptcy,

and the “Retail Apocalypse” 541

■■ Landmark in the Law: The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention

and Consumer Protection Act 542

Chapter 7—Liquidation 543

■■ Business Law Analysis: Violations of the Automatic Stay 547

Case 22.1: In re Anderson 552

Case 22.2: In re Dykes 555

Chapter 11—Reorganization 556

Bankruptcy Relief under Chapter 13 and Chapter 12 559

Case 22.3: In re Chamberlain 561

Unit 4 Agency and Employment Law 567

Chapter 23

Agency Relationships in Business 568

Agency Law 569

Formation of an Agency 572

Duties of Agents and Principals 574

Spotlight on Taser International: Case 23.1: Taser

International, Inc. v. Ward 576

Agent’s Authority 578

Case 23.2: Dearborn West Village Condominium

Association v. Makki 580

Liability in Agency Relationships 582

■■ Business Law Analysis: Liability of Disclosed Principals 582

■■ Landmark in the Law: The Doctrine of

Respondeat Superior 585

Case 23.3: Simon v. Farm Bureau Insurance Co. 587

Termination of an Agency 588

Chapter 24

Employment, Immigration, and

Labor Law 596

Employment at Will 597

Wages, Hours, and Leave 598

Case 24.1: Encino Motorcars, LLC v. Navarro 600

Health, Safety, Income Security, and Privacy 602

Case 24.2: Packers Sanitation Services, Inc. v. Occupational Safety

and Health Review Commission 603

■■ Business Law Analysis: Workers’ Compensation Claims 605

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment:

Social Media in the Workplace Come of Age 609

Immigration Law 610

Labor Law 612

■■ Managerial Strategy: Union Organizing Using a Company’s

E-Mail System 615

Case 24.3: Contemporary Cars, Inc. v. National Labor

Relations Board 616

Chapter 25

Employment Discrimination 624

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act 625

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment: Hiring

Discrimination Based on Social Media Posts 629

Case 25.1: Young v. United Parcel Service, Inc. 630

■■ Business Law Analysis: Retaliation Claims 634

Case 25.2: Franchina v. City of Providence 635

Discrimination Based on Age,

Disability, or Military Status 636

Case 25.3: Kassa v. Synovus Financial Corp. 641

Defenses to Employment Discrimination 643

Affirmative Action 645

Unit 5 Business Organizations 651

Chapter 26

Sole Proprietorships and

Franchises 652

Sole Proprietorships 653

Case 26.1: Port Orchard Airport, Inc. v. Wagner 653

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment:

“Doing Business As” a Sole Proprietor 655

Franchises 656

The Franchise Contract 658

■■ Cybersecurity and the Law: Brinker International, Inc. 660

Franchise Termination 661

Case 26.2: S&P Brake Supply, Inc. v. Daimler Trucks

North America, LLC 661

Spotlight on Holiday Inns: Case 26.3: Holiday Inn

Franchising, Inc. v. Hotel Associates, Inc. 663

Chapter 27

All Forms of Partnership 668

Basic Partnership Concepts 669

Case 27.1: Harun v. Rashid 670

Formation and Operation 672

Classic Case 27.2: Meinhard v. Salmon 675

Dissociation and Termination 678

Case 27.3: Guenther v. Ryerson 681

Limited Liability Partnerships 682

Limited Partnerships 683

Chapter 28

Limited Liability Companies and

Special Business Forms 691

The Limited Liability Company 691

■■ Landmark in the Law: Limited Liability Company

(LLC) Statutes 692

Case 28.1: Nesset, Inc. v. Jones 695

LLC Operation and Management 696

■■ Managerial Strategy: Can a Person Who Is Not a

Member of a Protected Class Sue for Discrimination? 697

Case 28.2: Schaefer v. Orth 698

Dissociation and Dissolution of an LLC 699

Case 28.3: Reese v. Newman 700

■■ Business Law Analysis: When Will a Court Order the

Dissolution of an LLC? 701

Special Business Forms 702

Chapter 29

Corporations 708

Nature and Classification 708

Case 29.1: Wulf v. Bravo Brio Restaurant Group, Inc. 710

Case 29.2: Greenfield v. Mandalay Shores Community

Association 714

Formation and Powers 715

■■ Cybersecurity and the Law: The CLOUD Act 720

■■ Business Law Analysis: Piercing the Corporate Veil 722

Directors and Officers 722

Classic Case 29.3: Guth v. Loft, Inc. 727

Shareholders 728

Major Business Forms Compared 735

Chapter 30

Investor Protection, Insider Trading,

and Corporate Governance 743

Securities Act of 1933 744

Case 30.1: Securities and Exchange Commission v. Scoville 744

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment: Investment

Crowdfunding—Regulations and Restrictions 748

■■ Landmark in the Law: Changes to Regulation A: “Reg A+” 749

Securities Exchange Act of 1934 752

Classic Case 30.2: Securities and Exchange Commission v. Texas Gulf

Sulphur Co. 754

Case 30.3: Singer v. Reali 758

State Securities Laws 760

Corporate Governance 761

Unit 6 Government Regulation 771

Chapter 31

Antitrust Law

and Promoting Competition 772

The Sherman Antitrust Act 773

■■ Landmark in the Law: The Sherman Antitrust Act 773

Case 31.1: United States v. Vega-Martínez 775

Section 1 of the Sherman Act 775

Section 2 of the Sherman Act 779

The Clayton Act 782

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment:

Big Tech’s Monopoly Problem 782

Case 31.2: Candelore v. Tinder, Inc. 784

Enforcement and Exemptions 786

Case 31.3: TransWeb, LLC v. 3M Innovative Properties Co. 787

U.S. Antitrust Laws in the Global Context 788

Chapter 32

Consumer and Environmental Law 794

Advertising, Marketing, Sales, and Labeling 795

Spotlight Case 32.1: POM Wonderful, LLC v. Federal Trade Commission 796

Case 32.2: Haywood v. Massage Envy Franchising, LLC 798

Protection of Health and Safety 802

Credit Protection 805

Case 32.3: Manuel v. Merchants and Professional Bureau, Inc. 808

Protecting the Environment 809

Air and Water Pollution 811

Toxic Chemicals and Hazardous Waste 814

Chapter 33

Liability of Accountants

and Other Professionals 822

Potential Liability to Clients 823

Case 33.1: Suarez v. Fernandez 827

Potential Liability to Third Parties 828

Liability of Accountants under Federal Laws 830

Case 33.2: Laccetti v. Securities and Exchange Commission 832

Potential Criminal Liability 836

Confidentiality and Privilege 837

Case 33.3: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Schultz 838

Unit 7 Property and Its Protection 845

Chapter 34

Personal Property and Bailments 846

Personal Property versus Real Property 846

Acquiring Ownership of Personal Property 848

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment:

The Exploding World of Digital Property 848

■■ Business Law Analysis: Effective Gift of a Brokerage Account 850

Classic Case 34.1: In re Estate of Piper 851

Mislaid, Lost, and Abandoned Property 853

Case 34.2: Zephier v. Agate 855

Bailments 855

Case 34.3: Zissu v. IH2 Property Illinois, L.P. 860

Chapter 35

Real Property and

Landlord-Tenant Law 868

The Nature of Real Property 868

Ownership Interests and Leases 870

Case 35.1: In the Matter of the Estate of Nelson 871

Unit 7 Property and Its Protection 845

Transfer of Ownership 876

Spotlight on Sales of Haunted Houses: Case 35.2:

Stambovsky v. Ackley 877

■■ Business Law Analysis: When Possession of Property Is

Not “Adverse” 880

Case 35.3: A2 Creative Group, LLC v. Anderson 881

Landlord-Tenant Relationships 883

Chapter 36

Insurance, Wills, and Trusts 891

Insurance 891

Case 36.1: Breeden v. Buchanan 894

Wills 899

Case 36.2: In the Matter of the Estate of Thorn 902

■■ Adapting the Law to the Online Environment: Online

Asset Estate Planning 905

Trusts 907

Case 36.3: Dowdy v. Dowdy 909

Appendices

A How to Brief Cases and Analyze Case Problems A–1

B The Constitution of the United States A–3

C The Uniform Commercial Code (Excerpts) A–3

D Answers to Issue Spotters A–4

E Sample Answers for Business Case Problems

with Sample Answer A–10

Glossary G–1

Table of Cases TC–1

Index I–1

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