Business Statistics 3rd Edition PDF by Robert A. Donnelly, J R .

By

Business Statistics, 3rd Edition

Robert A. Donnelly, J R .

Business Statistics

Table of Contents

Preface | xiii

Acknowledgments | xx

Dear Students | xxiv

Index of Applications xxv

1 An Introduction to Business Statistics | 1

1.1 Business Statistics and Their Uses 2

1.2 Data 4

1.3 Branches of Statistics 12

FOCUS ON ANALYTICS 14

1.4 Ethics and Statistics—It’s a Dangerous World of Data Out There 15

Summary/Key Terms 17 • Problems 18 • Solutions to…YOUR TURN 21

2 Displaying Descriptive Statistics | 22

2.1 The Role Technology Plays in Statistics 24

2.2 Displaying Quantitative Data 26

2.3 Displaying Qualitative Data 43

2.4 Contingency Tables 55

2.5 Stem and Leaf Display 60

2.6 Scatter Plots 62

FOCUS ON ANALYTICS: The Real Estate Market 66

Summary/Key Terms 68 • Problems 69 • Solutions to…YOUR TURN 76

3 Calculating Descriptive Statistics | 78

3.1 Measures of Central Tendency 79

3.2 Measures of Variability 93

3.3 Using the Mean and Standard Deviation Together 103

3.4 Working with Grouped Data 113

3.5 Measures of Relative Position 117

3.6 Measures of Association Between Two Variables 128

FOCUS ON ANALYTICS: Fitness Trackers 133

Summary 135 • Key Terms 136 • Formulas 137 • Problems 139 •

Solutions to…YOUR TURN 144

4 Introduction to Probabilities | 148

4.1 An Introduction to Probabilities 149

4.2 Probability Rules for More Than One Event 157

4.3 Counting Principles 180

FOCUS ON ANALYTICS: Stock Investment 186

Summary/Key Terms 187 • Formulas 188 •

Problems 190 • Solutions to…

YOUR TURN 194

5 Discrete Probability Distributions | 198

5.1 Introduction to Discrete Probability

Distributions 200

5.2 Binomial Distributions 212

5.3 Poisson Distributions 222

5.4 The Hypergeometric Distribution 230

FOCUS ON ANALYTICS: Decision Making

under Risk 234

Summary/Key Terms 236 • Formulas 237 •

Problems 238 • Solutions to…

YOUR TURN 244

6 Continuous Probability Distributions | 248

6.1 Continuous Random Variables 249

6.2 Normal Probability Distributions 251

6.3 Exponential Probability

Distributions 269

6.4 Uniform Probability Distributions 273

FOCUS ON ANALYTICS: Six Sigma 277

Summary/Key Terms 280 • Formulas 281 •

Problems 282 • Solutions to…

YOUR TURN 288

7 Sampling and Sampling Distributions | 290

7.1 Why Sample? 291

7.2 Types of Sampling 292

7.3 Sampling and Nonsampling Errors 299

7.4 The Central Limit Theorem 303

7.5 The Sampling Distribution of the

Proportion 318

FOCUS ON ANALYTICS: Measuring Television

Viewership 322

Summary 325 • Key Terms /Formulas 326 •

Problems 327 • Solutions to…

YOUR TURN 332

8 Confidence Intervals | 335

8.1 Point Estimates 336

8.2 Calculating Confidence Intervals for the

Mean When the Standard Deviation 1s2

of a Population is Known 337

8.3 Calculating Confidence Intervals for the

Mean When the Standard Deviation 1s2

of a Population is Unknown 349

8.4 Calculating Confidence Intervals for

Proportions 355

8.5 Determining the Sample Size 359

8.6 Calculating Confidence Intervals for

Finite Populations 364

FOCUS ON ANALYTICS: Confidence Intervals

and Surveys 366

Summary/Key Terms 368 • Formulas 369 •

Problems 371 • Solutions to…

YOUR TURN 376

9 Hypothesis Testing for a

Single Population | 380

9.1 An Introduction to Hypothesis Testing 381

9.2 Hypothesis Testing for the Population

Mean When s is Known 388

9.3 Hypothesis Testing for the Population

Mean When s is Unknown 400

9.4 Hypothesis Testing for the Proportion of

a Population 407

9.5 Type II Errors 411

FOCUS ON ANALYTICS: FDA’s New Drug

Approval Decision 417

Summary/Key Terms 420 • Formulas 421 •

Problems 422 • Solutions to…

YOUR TURN 427

10 Hypothesis Tests Comparing

Two Populations | 431

10.1 Comparing Two Means with Known

Standard Deviations 433

  • Independent Samples
  • Known Population Standard Deviations (s) and (s)

10.2 Comparing Two Population Means with 442

  • Independent Samples
  • Unknown Population Standard Deviations (s) and (s)

10.3 Hypothesis Testing with Dependent

Samples 460

10.4 Comparing Two Population Proportions

with Independent Samples 470

FOCUS ON ANALYTICS: Clinical Trial Design

and Placebo Response 477

Summary/Key Terms 478 • Formulas 479 •

Problems 482 • Solutions to…

YOUR TURN 488

11 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Procedures | 494

11.1 One-Way ANOVA: Examining the Effect

a Single Factor Has on the Means of

Populations 496

11.2 Randomized Block ANOVA: Examining

the Effects of a Single Factor by

Blocking a Second Factor 515

11.3 Two-Way ANOVA: Examining the

Effects Two Factors Have on the Means

of Populations 532

FOCUS ON ANALYTICS: Production Process

Characterization 545

Summary 549 • Key Terms 550 • Formulas

551 • Problems 553 • Solutions to…

YOUR TURN 559

12 Chi-Square Tests | 565

12.1 Comparing Two or More Population

Proportions 567

12.2 Determining If Observed Frequencies

Follow a Known Probability

Distribution 574

12.3 Testing the Independence of

Two Variables 594

FOCUS ON ANALYTICS: Gender Bias in

Decision Making 598

Summary/Key Terms 600 • Formulas /

Problems 601 • Solutions to…

YOUR TURN 608

13 Hypothesis Tests for the

Population Variance | 614

13.1 Testing the Variance of a Single

Population 615

13.2 Comparing the Variances of Two

Populations 623

FOCUS ON ANALYTICS: Shortening Waiting

Times in Line 630

Summary/Formulas 632 • Problems 633 •

Solutions to…YOUR TURN 637

14 Correlation and Simple

Linear Regression | 640

14.1 Dependent and Independent

Variables 642

14.2 Correlation Analysis 642

14.3 Simple Linear Regression

Analysis 649

14.4 Using a Regression to Make a

Prediction 664

14.5 Testing the Significance of

the Slope of the Regression

Formula 669

14.6 Assumptions for Regression

Analysis 674

14.7 A Simple Regression Example

with a Negative Correlation 677

FOCUS ON ANALYTICS: The Law of

Supply and Demand 685

14.8 Some Final (but Very Important)

Thoughts 687

Summary 688 • Key Terms /Formulas 689 •

Problems 691 • Solutions to…

YOUR TURN 695

15 Multiple Regression and

Model Building | 700

15.1 Developing the Multiple Regression

Model 701

15.2 Explaining the Variation of the

Dependent Variable 709

15.3 Inferences about the Independent

Variables 718

15.4 Using Qualitative Independent

Variables 723

15.5 Model Building 730

FOCUS ON ANALYTICS: Predicting Oil and

Gas Prices 747

Summary 750 • Key Terms /Formulas 751 •

Problems 752 • Solutions to…

YOUR TURN 756

16 Forecasting | 761

16.1 Introduction to Forecasting 762

16.2 Smoothing Forecasting Methods 764

16.3 Forecasting with Regression Analysis 780

16.4 Forecasting with Seasonality 793

FOCUS ON ANALYTICS: Economic

Forecasting 806

Summary 809 • Key Terms 810 • Formulas/

Problems 811 • Solutions to…

YOUR TURN 815

17 Decision Analysis (online) | 17-1

17.1 Introduction to Decision Analysis 17-2

17.2 Constructing a Decision Table 17-3

17.3 Decision Making Under Uncertainty 17-6

17.4 Decision Making Under Risk 17-12

17.5 Decision Making Using Decision

Trees 17-16

17.6 Using Bayes’ Theorem to Calculate

Posterior Probabilities 17-27

Summary/Key Terms 17-32 • Formulas

17-33 • Problems 17-34 • Solutions to…

YOUR TURN 17-38

18 Nonparametric Statistics (online) | 18-1

18.1 Introduction to Nonparametric

Statistics 18-2

18.2 The Sign Test 18-4

18.3 The Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test for Two

Independent Samples 18-14

18.4 The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for Two

Dependent Samples 18-22

18.5 The Kruskal–Wallis One-Way

ANOVA 18-27

18.6 The Spearman Rank-Order Correlation

Coefficient 18-31

Summary 18-37 • Key Terms /Formulas 18-38 •

Problems 18-39 • Solutions to…

YOUR TURN 18-45

Appendix C: Tables for Chapter 18 18–49

Appendix A | 821

1 Binomial Probabilities 821

2 Poisson Probabilities 832

3 Cumulative Probabilities for the

Standard Normal Distribuition 837

4 Cumulative Probabilities for the

Standard Normal Distribution 838

5 Student’s t-distribution 839

6 F–distribution 842

7 Critical Values of the Studentized

Range, Q 852

8 Chi–Square Distribution 855

9 Critical Values for the Durbin-Watson

Statistic 856

Appendix B | 859

Answers to Selected Even-Numbered

Problems 859

Photo Credits | 934

Index | 935

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