Engineering Circuit Analysis, Tenth Edition
William H. Hayt, Jr., Jack E. Kemmerly, Jamie D. Phillips and Steven M. Durbin
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Overview of Text 2
1.2 Relationship of Circuit Analysis to Engineering 4
1.3 Analysis and Design 5
1.4 Computer-Aided Analysis 6
1.5 Successful Problem-Solving Strategies 7
READING FURTHER 8
EXERCISES 8
CHAPTER 2
BASIC COMPONENTS AND ELECTRIC
CIRCUITS 9
2.1 Units and Scales 9
2.2 Charge, Current, Voltage, Power, and Energy 11
2.3 Voltage and Current Sources 19
2.4 Ohm’s Law 24
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 31
READING FURTHER 32
EXERCISES 33
CHAPTER 3
VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LAWS 43
3.1 Nodes, Paths, Loops, and Branches 43
3.2 Kirchhoff’s Current Law 44
3.3 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 46
3.4 The Single-Loop Circuit 50
3.5 The Single-Node-Pair Circuit 53
3.6 Series and Parallel Connected Sources 56
3.7 Resistors in Series and Parallel 59
3.8 Voltage and Current Division 66
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 70
READING FURTHER 71
EXERCISES 71
CHAPTER 4
BASIC NODAL AND MESH ANALYSIS 85
4.1 Nodal Analysis 86
4.2 The Supernode 95
4.3 Mesh Analysis 99
4.4 The Supermesh 106
4.5 Nodal vs. Mesh Analysis: A Comparison 109
4.6 Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis 111
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 114
READING FURTHER 117
EXERCISES 117
CHAPTER 5
HANDY CIRCUIT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 133
5.1 Linearity and Superposition 133
5.2 Source Transformations 144
5.3 Thévenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits 152
5.4 Maximum Power Transfer 163
5.5 Delta-Wye Conversion 166
5.6 Selecting an Approach: A Summary of Various
Techniques 168
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 169
READING FURTHER 170
EXERCISES 171
CHAPTER 6
THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER 185
6.1 Background 185
6.2 The Ideal Op Amp 186
6.3 Cascaded Stages 194
6.4 Practical Considerations 197
6.5 Comparators and the Instrumentation Amplifier 205
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 211
READING FURTHER 212
EXERCISES 213
CHAPTER 7
CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS 223
7.1 The Capacitor 223
7.2 The Inductor 231
7.3 Inductance and Capacitance Combinations 241
7.4 Linearity and its Consequences 244
7.5 Simple Op Amp Circuits with Capacitors 246
7.6 Duality 248
7.7 Computer Modeling of Circuits with Capacitors and
Inductors 251
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 254
READING FURTHER 255
EXERCISES 255
CHAPTER 8
BASIC RC AND RL CIRCUITS 267
8.1 The Source-Free RC Circuit 267
8.2 Properties of the Exponential Response 271
8.3 The Source-Free RL Circuit 275
8.4 A More General Perspective 279
8.5 The Unit-Step Function 284
8.6 Driven RC Circuits 288
8.7 Driven RL Circuits 294
8.8 Predicting the Response of Sequentially Switched
Circuits 297
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 305
READING FURTHER 306
EXERCISES 307
CHAPTER 9
THE RLC CIRCUIT 319
9.1 The Source-Free Parallel Circuit 319
9.2 The Overdamped Parallel RLC Circuit 325
9.3 Critical Damping 333
9.4 The Underdamped Parallel RLC Circuit 337
9.5 The Source-Free Series RLC Circuit 345
9.6 The Complete Response of the RLC Circuit 351
9.7 The Lossless LC Circuit 359
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 363
READING FURTHER 364
EXERCISES 364
CHAPTER 10
SINUSOIDAL STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS 375
10.1 Characteristics of Sinusoids 375
10.2 Forced Response to Sinusoidal Functions 378
10.3 The Complex Forcing Function 382
10.4 The Phasor 387
10.5 Impedance and Admittance 393
10.6 Nodal and Mesh Analysis 398
10.7 Superposition, Source Transformations, and Thévenin’s
Theorem 401
10.8 Phasor Diagrams 410
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 413
READING FURTHER 414
EXERCISES 414
CHAPTER 11
AC CIRCUIT POWER ANALYSIS 425
11.1 Instantaneous Power 426
11.2 Average Power 428
11.3 Maximum Power Transfer 435
11.4 Effective Values of Current and Voltage 440
11.5 Apparent Power and Power Factor 445
11.6 Complex Power 448
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 454
READING FURTHER 455
EXERCISES 456
CHAPTER 12
POLYPHASE CIRCUITS 465
12.1 Polyphase Systems 466
12.2 Single-Phase Three-Wire Systems 468
12.3 Three-Phase Y–Y Connection 472
12.4 The Delta (Δ) Connection 478
12.5 Power Measurement in Three-Phase Systems 484
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 495
READING FURTHER 497
EXERCISES 497
CHAPTER 13
MAGNETICALLY COUPLED CIRCUITS 503
13.1 Mutual Inductance 503
13.2 Energy Considerations 511
13.3 The Linear Transformer 515
13.4 The Ideal Transformer 522
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 531
READING FURTHER 532
EXERCISES 532
CHAPTER 14
CIRCUIT ANALYSIS IN THE s-DOMAIN 541
14.1 Complex Frequency 541
14.2 Definition of the Laplace Transform 545
14.3 Laplace Transforms of Simple Time Functions 548
14.4 Inverse Transform Techniques 550
14.5 Basic Theorems for the Laplace Transform 557
14.6 The Initial-Value and Final-Value Theorems 564
14.7 Z(s) and Y(s) 567
14.8 Nodal and Mesh Analysis in the s-Domain 573
14.9 Additional Circuit Analysis Techniques 580
14.10 Poles, Zeros, and Transfer Functions 583
14.11 Convolution 585
14.12 A Technique for Synthesizing the Voltage
Ratio H(s) = Vout/Vin 595
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 599
READING FURTHER 601
EXERCISES 602
CHAPTER 15
FREQUENCY RESPONSE 611
15.1 Transfer Function 611
15.2 Bode Diagrams 614
15.3 Parallel Resonance 629
15.4 Bandwidth and High-Q Circuits 636
15.5 Series Resonance 642
15.6 Other Resonant Forms 645
15.7 Scaling 653
15.8 Basic Filter Design 656
15.9 Advanced Filter Design 666
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 671
READING FURTHER 672
EXERCISES 672
CHAPTER 16
TWO-PORT NETWORKS 683
16.1 One-Port Networks 683
16.2 Admittance Parameters 688
16.3 Some Equivalent Networks 695
16.4 Impedance Parameters 704
16.5 Hybrid Parameters 709
16.6 Transmission Parameters 712
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 716
READING FURTHER 717
EXERCISES 718
CHAPTER 17
FOURIER CIRCUIT ANALYSIS 729
17.1 Trigonometric Form of the Fourier Series 730
17.2 The Use of Symmetry 739
17.3 Complete Response to Periodic Forcing Functions 744
17.4 Complex Form of the Fourier Series 746
17.5 Definition of the Fourier Transform 753
17.6 Some Properties of the Fourier Transform 757
17.7 Fourier Transform Pairs for Some Simple Time
Functions 760
17.8 The Fourier Transform of a General Periodic Time
Function 765
17.9 The System Function and Response in the Frequency
Domain 766
17.10 The Physical Significance of the System Function 774
SUMMARY AND REVIEW 778
READING FURTHER 780
EXERCISES 780
CHAPTER 18 (ONLINE)
STATE-VARIABLE ANALYSIS
18.1 State Variables and Normal-Form Equations
18.2 Writing a Set of Normal-Form Equations
18.3 The Use of Matrix Notation
18.4 Solution of the First-Order Equation
18.5 The Solution of the Matrix Equation
18.6 A Further Look at the State-Transition Matrix
SUMMARY AND REVIEW
EXERCISES
APPENDIX 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK
TOPOLOGY 787
APPENDIX 2 SOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS
EQUATIONS 799
APPENDIX 3 A PROOF OF THÉVENIN’S
THEOREM 807
APPENDIX 4 AN LTspice® TUTORIAL 809
APPENDIX 5 COMPLEX NUMBERS 813
APPENDIX 6 A BRIEF MATLAB® TUTORIAL 823
APPENDIX 7 ADDITIONAL LAPLACE TRANSFORM
THEOREMS 829
APPENDIX 8 THE COMPLEX FREQUENCY
PLANE 835
INDEX 843
ADDITIONAL CONTENT 860